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ſԭİӶͱ˵ԭHEˡ

²ۣԭΪһүȨƣ˧𣬻иŵԵĸδޡ룬ɵӲŷһУ

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ע
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⣺ڴδ

1     Խ

ͣں԰ͤﴵ磬Լһѡ
ۡҲ䡣
ԪҴҵ˹еµүƹӲˣȥ
죬ںԭļ䣬սܴ飬ˡ
һܿʷС˵磬ĸǺӣĸ绪ǹ
սɳĸ׸ļޣʧСͱʵ۾˾˷Ϊϰ
ԪСˣȴҲ֣ˡ
ӴˣԪڽĴϡ
Ԫǰ΢΢üιʴ
Ԫûע⵽飬ֻүƹӲˣ
ĸƹӣ˾ȥҴѰƳһۣͰ˺ˮϡ
ǴѩƹѽԪ㵵Ŀүôˣ
ƵİƵ˵ŶԭԪ㵹ͦƹӡ
Ԫ˿ĵԭүǳԴˡ
ЦЦ˵Ԫǹү֪үƹӣүż
΢΢̶˵ˣȥƹ߰ɡ
Ԫүⲻװɣ
͸С˸ƹʹкβףü
˵⵱Ȼˡ
Ȼ˿̵ֻС˴ߡ
ү˵׾סԪЦ˵ֿͰ͵˵ǣԪ᲻ү
ķҵû鿴ݣ˵ԺƹӾˡ
Ԫϲ뿪˿
ܼͬĶ˵үԪȥѩƹֻ»л
͵ЦһЦһĴ־Сˣõ˭˵ģ
ס̶ϲ˵үѡһ̵ģūΪүѡ
û﷿ٲԪȱУǲ˰Ԫȥ
ǡϲ̵Ӧ£æȥš
С˵ʹʧȥһУҲĹĸߣǸԪܱȣ
ǵɫǼǵôˡ
ҵļӣĸСӡԪ١
ܿģһȼҶķΣֻϲߡ
ĥС˵飬ԽĥԽᶨԭ顣
ԭ飬మɱΪε¹ĬĬػ͸صƿҲǧٿס
뵽ԭԭΪܷһУȴֻܿһֱٴҪӺʱԭİӶͱ˵ԭԲ֣²ˡ
ȻŰͻС˵ȫ̲ס룬ǲҪȥǸ¹ˣƽӰɡ
οлԼģ
ϸѰδޣһƯĸĵճӡһ𳤴ҲС޲µģϧ𽥳ȴ
ţţȥⷿѡڶÿĴš
ݶǵʵ۵İǷСһͬսɳսѡ
ΪӶףҲǿġ
ѵݷãд
Ǳ⣺ڿⷿżȻƼӣŻ㲻ة褡
˵һ糾ˣǻûüʵˡ
ãЦŶ˵ȥү
ʱةڴǰ֡
ʸڱʼϣߵѱõˮǰ֣Ȼëøɡ
ǰͨСҲżԱĵĵš˭ϰһСĲ岻ģ͸
үϰ˵ģǼӡ
ة΢΢һ㶣ʶʱ궩ףЩѾ
룬ͻȻ֪Ǻ⣿
ةһѣСǰǰԺ
δ߽ة褾˸ĸĻЦ߽һͿ̸Ļ档
޷˶Զ֣Цݵ˵С褿үˡ
ףĸס
ةĸ˸˸񡣡μϰ
ض񡣡վԾн
ةǰҴ˼ӹǸġ
ة΢΢һ㶣գһ۾ʵҿԴ򿪿𣿡
æ˵Ȼԡ
һЦȰĿǡ
ة褴һʱ;ˣŵĿⶼǸҵģ
Ľʮźڶ顣
ة褼㲻֪ڶмۣҲ֪ǼֵǵĶ
ͷѺӷŵة
ة褺ϸӣҪôصҲա
ַŵ󣬲ӡҲ㣬˭
ة㶣СԼ죬
޷˿ԽԽ⣬Ц˵ү͵ģС褾°ɡ
ة£леݸԼѾš
Щ޴վԭأ֪˵Щʲô
ة˺ɴȾźΡ
޷Ŵ͵͵ЦЦ˵ĺ԰½ֲһЩľС褴үȥ԰ߡ
ة褸ƾܣͿεС񣬼̶ʹӦһ
ĺ԰ۼʱةͣڶԷϡ
˵ة褣кþû˵˵ˡ
šةӦһ뵽룬Щӡ
ʾºɽһƬ˵滨ˣȥͻɺã
ة褲ĿһۣΪ֮ɫ
ûϵ㲻ȥͲȥҲǿġ
ة̧˵հɣʱ븮ĵܵһȥ
ϲǴӦˡ
ãճʱһ̣㡭ǡǸ˼ǲܡ
㡣ةҡͷ
ȴһ£ʵǲǸŮˣ
ة΢΢Ƭ̣ԥ˵绪ڶƺ磬˼ȥ̤ࡣ
΢΢ۣ绪ĸ
ļ׹ĸȲľ͸ļˡҪǣսʱ׵Ŀ绪Ļᣬ׶ļ֮£绪͸׵֮ʡ
ة֪ĸӼĸң룬˵ҾͲȥˣȥʾ¾㡣
ԣɵһĨЦ⣬˵Ҳȥƺո֡
ة褲ɵ۾ȣҲġ
ʹԴةʶĶһ¡
ǣ־ôͣڰУһ˲򶨵˵ƬҶͷϣժȥ
˵գɷнµժȥͷ޵Ҷӣ˵ֱȥƺ
ة΢΢ĵһͷ




2     ĸ˵ά

գᣬҲů
ӶʮﴦǳƺƺɽŰӺǽεĺȥ
ĽƺΧһ
½ҼӦǰ
ʱѿʼ
ŮȺľһ𣬻ڸɽߣں˵
ةں˵ӣŵܵںò㡣
ܿҵة褣ֱȥȻȻߡ
˴¯ӺʳĹտ
Ļһ£ٵ˾Ա׼տ޼ҵļС۾Χ¯ԡ
ة褲ĵĿһۣʾǿүС㡣
ĿƵĿֱ˿Сͨ졣
ةƵһۡ
ͻȻͷϵķһźڶ飬սЩ˵ӺƯʺ㡣
ة褽ӲҶ˵ĸ빤ү͵ĺڶҹ֧Զ׹
ͷº͵ЦţԶɽů硣
ة΢΢һ£˵׹ĸ׽մһԡһţĸүȥ͸ˡ
˼ĵá
һߣڵһʱ绪ϰˡ
绪΢΢һȻĸףĸĹϵһֱ룬ڶδػһ档׽ĸףҲϲӡ
Ц˵֪ڴ磬ܲ밲
绪΢΢һüͷ˵£Ҳ֪ʲôģ
˺ͳĽһǿҲ绪̬ȣֱΪƽ
˭֪绪ļû䡣
ݵİ֣Ĵ󲮡
ȻյĹ򶼹ȥˣҲû˼
˸һλõķʹ˸ɫλ״Ʋ˵һ䣺ô
ʱ˵
绪õʵأ
һүںߡ
绪׷ʣЩһ𣿡
عĻүһ𡣡
绪ɫЩڳӡ
ָ˸ԼŵĶ׹Ц˵үǸǺͺԼһġ
Цүة褵¸ճˣӵĸʱͶµġ
ҲЦЦ˵ү£ǵɻ
绪ɫˣ˺ȴԽ˵Խ
ƽ˲ɫɨһȦ˵ˡ׾޷˵Ķ׹Ǻڶɣ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼе˵Ķ׹ϡ
˵ȷʵǺڶ顣
ôźڶ飬˼Ѱİɣ޷и
մ˺ӵĸүʮӹЦøˡ
ү޹ء
ү޹Ӿһԡ

˹ҫС
绪ް˵ЩˣҲȥתת
æȥЪϢùǡ
˺ͳЯȥ
Ц˵ѹղ˸ţҽ磬ԭҪҫһӺδ
Ц˺ü˵һ绪ֶΪ
绪ļ޺󣬱ˡλֻҪһ뵽绪Ϊݺ޷޲ƽ
̾˿ѵϾǻʼҹ
˵ͷзִ硣
ƽ˵˳˹λһź
ǱһȺʲôð
ŵζˡ
ֵֺĵĿȥ
һϰտٹСǶǱߡ
ڷҲ˹ȥ
ԶԶģ˿Щǹǡ
ةæǩӹë˲
տĻƽ٣Ȼةùë֡
ة΢΢һͨ죬һɾëݸԴ˵Լ֡
áЦš
߽˼·
μϰ
λ˲ض񡣡
Ц˵޹Ӻǿվһ𣬾һˣ䡣
ة褺ߵߡ
ة褸ղŸĶ׹˳Գ˵ǴС
һƣȻǺһģһĺڶ׹
үˡ⻰Ƕ˵ģлĿҲ䵽˺ةϡ
һĶ֮ˡ
˵үտ¯ͦµġ
Ц¯רġ
˵գ԰Լ߲⴮˵˼λǰ޲ĸǳ
æʾӶӣȻкŷǶλҲǹ޲ڡ
ة褿˵ЩүԿġ
ʱλ˶ŵĿԭֻҧһСڵ⴮ȫȥ
Ц˵ٵߣЩ
Ц뿪Ҳһһʮ绪绪ˤһױյ
ɢϯ޼ҵһ̣һֱ͵ǰ
Ц˵նһ죬ɫ磬Ͳүȥˣүпճ档
Ӧһǣ˵ĸʾºɽ˴Ƭ滨˵Ư󸮵үСһȥͻ
Ŀةһۣ˵Ҵȥʾ¾㣬îʱһ̳
æͷ
ةƳһۣõЦݡ
ЦͣȽ
Ƕ̿
ةͨ죬ĸЦˡ
˵ĸܸˣֵüǸáܸ򸾶Ĺա
ةбһֵۣ˭ˣ㲻Ҫ˵Ц
ǳǳЦЦ˵ة褣֮ǰҲã㡣֪ˡ
ةĿò˵֮ǰ鶼ȥˣԺҪС
ȻʧΣة褴С֪ԼķΪ׼
æ˵㱣֤Ժ󲻻ˣúô㡣
šةüۣҽȥˣҲظϢɡ
ãҿȥ
ةĵͷת߽żʱĻͷһۣĿഥֻЦӯӯĿרע
һ˲䣬ӿ죬С¹ײ
ͷּĶӣɵṴǣüۼ価Ц⡣
һദСϱƺΪĻҪá
̲ס룬ͻ͸׼׵ˡ
᲻̫ˣ




3     С˵ԭǵ뵽

ǰԪæǰްԹ˵үˣȥˣ
üԪ뿪գԽûˣ
Ԫ㵵ĿƳ٣ͷ˵үˡԪΪүƹļ
˵ѾƹӵˣһһΪƹӾͳɡ
үƹѩһۡ
ɲһüͷԭʱ͸÷е飬ķɱȥˡ
ȻȴüΪ̡
˵߰ɣĪҪ
ǣӲŰǣ
ԪĿ¹ϵĴţдŲţѸٻشѩ
ﳼ֮ԭ游࣬ʮǰ̰۴󰸱չš
;Уؼȫǿɱֻ׵ĸλ²ŵԱס
Դˣڶһ澳гɳǵռղ฻ӵע⡣
Ԫ󣬲һ˲
һε̨֮ʱûǶʱ²Ϻ
ʹ֪Ϻ⣬һʰİΪУȴǰ֪ݺ游֮˼п²
һڳѩʱ
ѩǾһ¥йҲиģҲֻյġ
ԼԼҲǰ
Ϊ뾡ھĽʶȨ󣬽뷨Ӳ游ݺࡣ
ǣûмϺʶҲϳĽ̾Լ֡
֪кøУܻӦĸ飬Ϊޡ
ҪǣԼûȫϺ
ìš
˿̣Ԫੲݵ˵š
үӺܾǰˣôصүһҥ
ҥȻͶδޣ˵Ͽɣ๡΢΢üֻĿʲôԡ
Ԫӣǿô죿үҪǾȥүɣ
ף¸ǳлԥ
ӣĵȥ֪
õԶ׼ͻҪĶ
ֺǺǵԱ߿ţʱʱҪ׼ʲô
үԴˮͲߡûʾºɽȪˮݲ裬Ӧûܲ
Ǹܵ۾һæȥ׼
ʵүʱȥף
ЩةȢѾκþˡǰЩӣһ¥СʱɰǸˡ
룬˵ӻʾ»Ժ˵
ة褵˼
ǣ׼ţ̽Եʡ
ͷ룬ʱ£Ӧúة褳ס
οƺһĶ
ֲ֧Ӧһǿ¶Ц⣬Ǹ˲ѡ
ǣܼæȥ׼ˣǰˡ
ûãүƹӺԪˡ
ȣǸˣ
ǵС˵ĴָһԭΪʱʲôʱҲʱ벻ˡ
ٻص⡣
һСᣬ˵ȥ뵽ǰԺƫ
ǡ
հ죬·һ˵ˣ˲Цݡ
ȥƹˡ
Уȥɡ
΢΢ۣ룺뷨ӴүȥײС
Ԫϲ裬Դͨÿһ
ƹͻȻã֪кҪ£ͻȻ֣Ͳֱ˵ˡ
ҭͷԾķίԪ˵ǰЩʣ̽
лƹӼǹҡ
룬÷
ɵЩʧ䣬ҲЩʡǰ컹ôԣȴһ޲ôδʶӣٶȾ֮죬涼ֻǷ곡Ϸ
ڴɫԲ԰ףȴм֮ãͰˡ
ɫǰԺȴة褵ݡ
һĲɵӣɲһüͷ۵¶һĨ֮ɫת˲֮䣬ǳǳЦ˵һһ뿤
ǵÿգǰȥո֡
ǵЦݲмֿɬһȥпղȥǷ֮ʡ
΢Цŵͷ뿪
ߺϲĴܼұǰǰԲ˵һѡ
˸ۣûӦȥѩ١
˲䣬ЦǾͺáȻȥʾ£ϻȥѩĻ̫ۡ
ģȥѩˡİ˵֪ܲЩ˵뷨
ЦӦһٴʧǰ
Ԫصѩķ䡣
ӴˣϰΣ÷ʱǺ켫һʱͷƣǼ٣Ҳɷ̴档
ȵĿ
÷ǵЦһǴѩͷƣŲװܲעĿ˸ܰȻ޺õĻ
л˼ǲܣˡף۵׵
÷䳰ȷˣĳ˵㣬˶ûĵġǣҶǣȴֻźҡǸֻԼ׬ǮܹϺӡ
ϾҡǮˣҲˡ
˵ǣ̻塣
÷ʶȤûټ⣬˵Ͳ̨ˣϢɡ
ǣлл
Խ÷͵ſڣĿԶŹš
Ԫ˵ӣ÷˸ǡ
ɣҵء̾ȥ֪û˿᲻ᴫл˿
ԪЦȰοӱģүŲںЩأںˡ
⻰̹̬࣬ȣɫ̾˿
ԪۼˣүˣһҪһϸ˵˵




4  ͻ   Сͻ

îʱǰһ
޷˰뵽ǰƮƮƳһۡүо仰֪˵
Σĸ˵
үΪ׹ݣûϿأԺá
΢δĸɫԼһͲµĸԴл
ĸ̻壬Сֶǡ֮ǰĴŲ٣ûҪô͡
޷˼㹧ǫѷĻǲ˵ˡ
ة̾˿߽ĸףү
޷˿۶ӣ˵СүȥҪĶ׼ˡ
˸ڣ޷˾ͳȥˣ˵
ĿƵĿة褣ة褱òڵıȥ
ة褡
磡Сة˽Ļ
ˡةת˸䣬ܵߡ
Сܽ濡Цſ
ةЦĺ˵
ة褱һԾǡ
ϥһŮةǸةةܣиŮة
ʱ޷ǳ׼ˡ
ʾλھĳɽɽʢǸ˼ҺѰնĵط
ׯµĴڣةһͬڷǰݡ
Ŀһة褣רעӣϱ࣬۽üҲЦ⡣
޷ȥةչ˺õܵá
˺ɽ֡ѩ׵滨Ķ֦ͷţǰ˶һ
ſžͿˡ
磡磡ةܽع
ة褱ȥСͨ졣
εƿĿ⣬ͷةܣСܣôˣ
磬ˡ

Ը˸ƽĵط̿ӣȻȥȪˮ衣
СȲԵģİ
ة褶豭ССһڣ΢΢ǣɽȪˮݲ裬Ȼ
ãҲŸˡϲͺá
ة褵ͷűĲ裬ʵүϲʲô裬Ǵ𣿡
۾һϱ˽ϲðɡ
ʵ˵Ҳ裬ʲô趼ȣ۹ΪܼҰةϲۡ
ة褶һ˵ϲȴۣнü
šة褻ϲʲôǳǳЦţĿƵĿ
ة褸оһһ࣬Ժٸү
Цá
СͷЦĿǣͷӶƫƫ˵㹻塣
ܵȡЦة褲һۡ
ʾչ˺ӣة˵ة褣ڸߣɺã
ةԥһ˲΢΢ĵͷ
˵
ة褣ͬ䣬ͶʮˡʮͳˣҲ̸ۼˡһ䣬ûֱ˵
š
ֹĿΪǴͻ飬ͬ𣿡
ةЩȣҲЩ޴룬һʱ֮䲻֪λش
ĵĴ𸴣ԽԽĻš
֪ǰĲԣ㲻ļ޸ǶԵġ
ةֻ໥ָòűųûвġ
ϸĥһ£Ǿͬˡ
ة褰һľԴ˵ӦøҸĸ
ͷڴ֮ǰ֪뷨
Ը⣬㵥վ˵˵꣬ة褾ߵתȥ
ϲѣæߵǰة褣˵úô㣬һ
šةӦš
ֱ뵽ʱΪˣסˡ
΢滨㣬Ϊһ̸ܰۡ
ǻصʱ޷һλʶķ˵Ż
޷Ц˵նˣϰҼĸӡүС褣ƽĶ˺Ĺӡ
ռĸæ񣬡ݼϰ
񡣡
˵һԣСʾةߡ
ةĵһۣû
޷ߡ
㬵ӣһһࡣ
ҢǵĻͬΪ־Ľ
󣬲ɵĶҢһۣҲǸݽɫ
ԭҢϺİ¹⣬԰
ةע⵽ĿҢϣɵ˰
ģ˼תǧأλ˼˵Ż
޷˵նү˷ؾְھˡ
նЦ˵޷˼ԣҼǿھҢҲ̫ǰྡТ
⻰ˡ
ҢĸƽܣΪʮأ˷ؾְɣƽĸҲһ¥
ʱһСɳǰȥիλЯǰ
ֱţڷة褵Щ䣬ʵôȥ鲻̫õӣôˣ
ة򴽣ֹĿ
ʾӲҪԶЩ
ة褼ˣɵһʲһֱչӿ
ո˵Ҫּͻ£ĿתĶű˿
˻Ƣأ˵ɶʣ˵ͣҲˡ
һ£ȻӣЦ˳ة褣Դˡ
Ҳûأ㲻Ҫ˵ةƳһۡ
ˣҪҵʱ飬û⿴˭ϸĺ塣
ة
Ͱ͵ĿҪԭңֻҪ˵ҶӦ
ة룬ί˵ʷ򣿡
æˣߣҰͲʷ˵ҡ
ة˺ߣǵĻ
˿ϱú塣
ةƺ뵽ЩʲôĿݵӦңгһգңҪӦеغ档
˵һ죬Щ˵ɫߵĻˣҴӦ㡣
ҲЩˣûŵϱǲ
ة褵ŵ࣬ĿҲЩ
ҢվڲԶһ߹ǳǳЦ˵ǲǴŵλˡ
˺벽վةĬ
ة褳Ң¶ǳǳЦ⣬Ƿ洦ߣʲôһ˵
ҢЦӯӯĿǣ˵ҿԺλһô
ة褶һ£ôһ㲻Ը
˵ȥССƤӡ
ةͷ߿
ҢһЦ޹ӺͿүĸá
չȡЦˡة褵˵
޹ӣС游ĸþӽϣ⾩ﻹûаѣҿɷʱȥ棿
ةϸڴĿ»һͷ
سǺǻ޼ҵŻؿ
æү˴ս




5  ͻ   ʥʵ۴ͻ

ŴС̫һЦӭ
ү糯ȵ鷿򡣡
á
ǵò׵С̫ܹ̫࣬ĩ֣Ů࣬硣
ֹ֪ټк£
ֺЦţøָ˵һģ绪ͽ̫밲ˡ
лֹ˸̺
үūſءֱ˵ЦŰѱ̺˻ɵռⶫ
鷿Ƭ̺󣬻ʵ۾ˡ
μϡ
ûڣض񡣡ʵǰ£ʾǰ
˵Ѿʤˡ
ǵʦˡ
ǽ̵ӵյʦʵ֪۵ı£Ҳ֪׿ˡ
عǫͲСˣݲˡ
̧ۻʵ۵ɫȻĬĵͷ
Ǽԭ飬ʵ۾˾ĺ
룬Ӧòʲô鷳Ĳ¡
ƾϲǲ
ʵ۶ĿƺһƬ䡣
ã˵㸸ǰ۳ɳսպգǲɶõҳĴ󹦳
ţ뵽Ը׵˼üۼȾһĨ˼
ʵ۰̾˿˵Ӫļ±ȥĥһ
ּ̳ԭѧʶգԽ󲢲ķϣҲĴӾ֮¡
вطҪԼԼҪ㸸׵
ǡ
ʵĵͷĿһִȰ
绪̫£ϣǧָ㣬׽Щ
ʱϣ˵׽ҡ
ɺԡʵ֪ĸӵ϶ҲǶչ֡
˾ˣҵǰҶһ£ɵ˶֪£᲻֪ƫģ޿֡˸ƺ֪ʵۻվߡ
ʵ΢΢̶˵һҵĹҡ
˾뿴Ҹ첻ؼң;ܰҸ
ʵ۰һۣǿĻؿ˹ȥ
ǻʵЭҪҵľͲҪʡԺһĽ޺̫󡣡
Ǿ˾ˡƤЦ˵
ʵεҡͷʧЦ˵ɼҵȷʵӦײŶԡ
˾˵˼ǣ
ּͻ飬һա
˾ˣҪȢĵճӣҵǰҵϱة褵׼Ҳʹ޷˵˼
Ҫȼһҵλӡ
̫ȥּڼ䣬ʵ鷿ټسҪ£ȥһ˴ٹ
μ̫
񣬴̫ܸˣ⺢ӣûˡ
ⲻЦ˵Դ
̫ЦͻȻпҲˡ
֪̫Ҫ˵ʲô˵սѼϣʵ۾˾ἰ˳¡
Ŷ
ȸʱΪһ£ĵճӡ޹Ʒò˫ȫ֪񣬳֮
̫󽥽Цݣ˵֪ĸٹ
̫Ļ֪ˣ˵ĸóȢҵĹ֮¡
ô
̫Ļ޹лԼȣȸԸڻ顣
̫Ĭһᣬ˵ǿǰҵ⣬в
޹ӣһһĴ
㵹ǳ顣̫ЦҲ֪Ŵ˭
˻̫ǰ̫ͳȫ˳ɡ
̫վ۰ԼҪһ޼ҵǸ
̫󣬻Ѿȥˡ
ǣһͬ޼˱ֱ̫쵽˴ٹʵۻʺҲˡ
򸾺ة̫ةǰ
ةǰ
̧ͷ
ة̧ͷ
̫ϸм˵ģжȡ
л̫佱ة褲˵
š̫ͷ¶Ц⡣
ЦŶةգһ۾ة褵Ǽɲһ¡
ʺ󲻶ɫĿۻʵۺ̫Ц˵ͷ˽ĺã⺢ӱҲϲǿոպá
̫ʵʵӵ飬Σ
ʵ˵׮£ѾΪ˴ͻ顣
ԣةæ¹򣬺һл
ʥּݵλǰ
һ㣬Ȫµĸס
ָ˰ȱõƸ̧ǰԺȹýһ̧ƸƺƵǰȥˡ
绪յϢðĶһͨңһ̴Ӷܵ˳
ΣֻӺ˼䡣
绪ŭǸǿҵģлֵĳţͲҲ̸
һɣν˵ǿлϺ̫ţиҶκβֺαأԼӣ㡣
绪ȴƺ뵽ʲôЦ
ѩҲϢ
ԪתӣҸȷүϲ޹ӡ
˵޹ĵճӣ뿤Ƕ׵ġֻһ糾ˣ˶Ҳ̰ͼɫ곡Ϸˡ
үˣ͸Сˡ
ֵ̫ңֻǵĲˡ
ԣԪɫҰס
Сڵײշת¥ݣ˵ķ곡ϷҪ֮µǲ⡣
Ԫר׼ıݡ
ǰĽ죬һε̨ϺϺϳ





6  ±   Ӫ

ӪǾ뾩פ𾩳ķȫ
ļ±ٽβջʵ۵Ҫ󣬺ͨһμӱıʱ˾Ӫ
䵽ϢӪʺһоסˡ
üһ
ͨһ붼ס
үôҲˣһ˯Ƶط˵ƽĵմڣǱԼϵӽӪġ
ָԱߵĴ˵ү̿šǳӣƽﰲؼ
ɨһȦ˹ȥԭΪİͽ֮ȫЫȴѰҾȰġ
һ£ͬһӪʵЩȨүǾͶΧ˹
еĽеļʣеһλС翴Ϣʵʱעߵ
ûãӪͳɺȫ±ϡ
ɺ˿ɢɢ±չȨԼֶ͵Ӫ
վֱͦĿǰʱɽ̹Щ
ɺ˵ʲôݱˣ˾ӪҪؾӪĹأΥߣһϳͣû
ˡ˷

ˣЩҲЩɲ롣
ɺһ˵±Ӫɲײܽͳ죬ǶҪӲָܽӡ
׳ţʮͷͣƾһǻѪһƴ˽յĳɾ͡
ɺòѵ±һȺӸǡ
һѵ±ӪԹصС
˲ţڴλ峽ռԼλֽ߿Ȼ¡͵һӶûƢ
ǡÿһĻȵĶ࿴һۡ
ǵС˵дˣңƽʱ峽˲
һӪʣһܵ
ôˣĵһ䡣
ûû£û¡ܵıˡ
Ƴһۣ˵Ϣɣ˵ѵ󡣡
һϢĴơ
գ첻ʱ򣬼ϵĹˡ󣬶±˵Ǿƣһ졣
ڴյߣ˵үһȺ˸׿飬˳ͻɺȥˡ
üһ𣿡
ˡ
ãֿɿˡ֮ӡֻҪˣûɵᡣ
ȻûãɺȫӪʿϣԶŹߵ
Ǿȥ̵±˲໽л
ȵִ˶ƤһϢ
㷲קӣСʣүͨӣǻô
ᣬɺִ֪硣
棬һҼ
΢΢һ㶣ʵھӪ⣿
ǵġ΢΢Ŷ¡
ˣ΢΢ۣȵɻʱѯʡ
ܸӪǰһ죬ۿɱˡ
ô£𣿡
ûСʱûмӣֱÿֱ۵Ĵ
ȥɽ
үǸ˵书µ˵
쳣µõܣԴȻҲ֪ӪĿģ˿̣ʰĺʱ򡣸ο˫ȭѵ֣˾Ӫָ֣Ҳ
šܵͷ
ǣֵоʡ
ɺܵĻɫȻȷ𣿡
ؽĻȷ
ã㡣
ɺʿ˹ͬʱȥ˲ݡ
γ뾩ǵϸ֮һɱð뾩Ӫ
߽ڣֻɺλһŸһȴ±Ϊϸϵóǵݡ
Сĺγݼ
ɺ˵ձʮж磬ȷʵӡ
γ￩һ£صǰСĲ񡣡
ɺ±ǼǵᣬǾʿ
ؽĻС漮ɽԸǨ뾩ǡ
¼ǣþӾǣôصģ
ؽĻСĽĴ̣ʶЩ֡
ʵϣǱ뾩Ǽϸɫɺ˹թγγȥȴҲ̹Ȼ
ɺ˷˺γȥ˶һһ
ɺ˶˵γδүӪпΣգݱܣʵγݺٷӪСĩֻ֤ռɡ
޷ɽȰ뿪˻±
үԼǡ
ǣɺ˰ֳ±ϣ淢֮ˡͬʱγĵϸҲ˳
ɺϱ͢ʵӪѺγ˴Ѷ
գ±Ӫӭ˵һ塣
ǺֱһԻеĲ¥
ةѾ˵ڶ衣
Žة褵Ŀة褣õˡ
ةӭӾĺ򵽰⡣
үھӪɰãةϸĿ͸һĨġ
ӿһůˡ˵пɣة褲Ҫġ
Ϊ޷˵ǰܼ棬ȥӪǰةԼڰм档
ة褴֪ҪȥӪ±ѵ𣬾͵Ĳѣʶճ
ȵ±ѵүھӪ𣿡
ŻɡջҪϵ˼ʵֻ˵ȥĥһûиȷޡ
ة΢΢˽ﲻϣӾΪǾ;ˡ
֣ة褣ཫӭ׵ѡإإӾӪ´μǳˡ
šةӦţݼټա
У˵ɽ˵±ѵȱϯʱֻ̫ա
֪ˡةЩʧ
ѵٺú㡣ûɵһۺΣ룬±ѵʵھӪһµĴ󳤼٣ϱȥ
ةͷ졣
ڲ¥СƬ̣ةȥ˹С
ǵĹвߺڵģҲҹģϳһӻ֡ؽ̣ĵ̯ӣò֡
ԭÿ鲻õʱԭͻУЩȤĶġ
룬ĶȻ඼ͨʤȫةҲϲ档
̫࣬ǣԷɢûǣ֡
šةӦһƴ¶ȣɵľͺ
ĵطܿͱĿĸƷע
ǹһСͻȻһϤӰ
ǵԭһԭġʱ䣬ûе
ĪΪԭˣһ˴ŵСѣ
ɻֻһ˲䣬ûзϡ
ة˳߿бǰһУȥǼп
ȥԥة֪ᡣ
ة褼ɲһüͷȥɡ




7     ʲô

ȵĿյֻϣ΢΢㶡
ߵԪԹĿͷɢһίһ۾񿴸һ
ة褰ֳ˻󷽵վࡣ
￩һ£ŵĿة褣Ķ˵ԭƹӣþò
Цһ˵ҳЩʱûȥˣͲүˡ
ûӦСĿة褡
ѾˣүҪ𣿡ةЦЦĿƽҲ֪û
ƹļ˵½һϵȻøλӿ
ة褿ƹ񣺡á
£ƹóһ̣һֽ
ةϸ˿ƹģǮ
ƹ۾һæЦ˵˵㣬ֻҪ˰ٰʮ
ة褷ֽζ˵ΪƹĲӦ̰డ
Ӵ˻ν⣿ƹüͷֽˡ
߳кĥ£Ȼ͸ة褵ϲ
ȴة˵ǶֽǼǻ㾫ϸ
˲ʱסˡǶֽԭˡ
ڵ꣡ԭԭһǧ
ŭ
ة褵Ĵ΢΢˵Ҳпҿˡ

ҵδغáةָ˵
æҺ׵ġ
ԭλӽ
ة褣ҽ͡
˵š
׵ϱȵˣ˵
ǴѩСģҺͼȥȾʱʶġ
ة褵ɫۿɼĺ
ʵ֪Ĵˣ˵ѹ
æ˵ȥֻǺȾƣʲôҲûұ֤ԺҲȥˡ
ة褵˵үı֤ࡣ
һԣ׷棬Ŀᶨ
ة褵Щ
˵ߵǸСԭǸźģľ͡Сӳ⣬ԸһĵžһҸչҾ͸ɴ˳ˮ飬С͸ˡ
ة΢΢üͷ˼Сľͣ
˵ǿˣǹ˶׵ģ̻֮
ĪǰǸ˼ҵģ
ɡʢͣϱ
ˡةЩգǸСĵֻҪȥֵطͷˡ
ƺѾϸ˵ة褣ٹ䣿
šة褵ͷղ·Ǹ̯м黹С
á˵ǣ̯
硣
ĺʱ֣ة褵ֱӻӪ
ߣةһžͱ޷ߵѾ˹ȥ
޷˹ʵһ춼ڸȥˣ
Żˡ
ţ޷˲ŭ
ة褴ү壬ȥˡ
޷һ̾Ϣĳ˵ǰ˼棬ǸãˡȻϢ绪⽫ǧүڹϣǲץһ˿
ĸף֪ˣú͵͵档
һʮ죬޹ȥҾͰˡ
ĸײģʥּ£׮²бʡ
ԸˡƤһֱͣܵĻ·
ĸ̫ˣҪϢ
ةȰ޷˰Żݡ
һߣһǣžߣһͬ뾩Ӫİ
үƶ񻯣򸾽״ɽ˽ɽѾˡ
к˽𣿡
ǰɽֶӿͬһ¥Ůӣɱɽֶӡ
ϸѰһ䣬ˣǰǸŮ˵ߣΪľǰԭû绪ˣҲûйǼ¡
ǣ룬Ǹûᡣ
Խ˸绪鷳ʡļ¡
ϣеĺγйھӪʹͷ£ͼӡ
뵽ɺ˵ִ˻ʵۡ
ʵ۳һ٣ܽӪ
Ȼ黹ûн
ɺӵξϡ
˳츮־ʵ̹ǰնв֤α֤Ӷֻд⳥¡
ǰӵΪһ¥ŮӶֳĹ˾ױ˳
־ʵ׼࣬ͬʱº̲Ϸ˰
͹˽ŵĲС
ٹ̫һ̾Ϣ
ʺΪ̫һ裬˵ֱ⣬ĸѴϱס
̫̾ǰҵĴǰûаŮ̺á
ĸ󲻱绪ȻڴǴǰзִġʺҲ绪Щ飬Գ̫ǰ˵仰ʹӦˡ
̫˿ڲ裬Щǳ󡣡
ʺЦ˵绪ӵĸˣĸ̫ġ˵ڳϣЩĸȻߵĲ绪Ǻܹģǰò˳
ԣ̫ˣݺĵҲˡ
ǣ绪̫˱Ÿ
ʵ̴˸͸绪İ˽֮ǰٲ빬




8     δ鷳

Ӫ±ѵݱĽš
μѵǵ顣˭Ҳû뵽ľɰǣһ׮̰۴󰸡
߽Ӫʱ˶ѾڴϺ˯
ȫ۵ðүȴƣۡǺһѵģҶҪʵʶˡ
ϰ䣬ѵϰˡ
үɷֽ̼У
ڵĻһ£峽˵ӻȭȣȴù˵ɡ
峽Ʋҡ
ʱִжֵơ
˳ְ߿ıӸǸǺãȻ۵úˣǱߵڳ֣⼸˻˯ô
ˣϢɡ᲻ص˵
˲ʱ
ŴϨơ
һߣ鷿üչš
޷˿ҹɫٴߵˣʲôʱˣү鷿
ط˵ĻѾʱˡС˵үùź󣬾һֱһ鷿
޷룬ԵǰԺ鷿ȰϢ
֪̾˷ˡǰˮ͢ǰܹ·˽
үθɣ޷˽ŵʵ
ԥ֪ҫҵǰɱΣ򻧲߹ֿ
ҫ̰ˣ޷𾪲ѣǵҫˡļǸ鹢֮ˡ
ֻ鵽µһ㣬ҫӦҲ̰ˡԴвңôº̲ҪٲȥٲȥǻҲǣ棬ԩܻߡ
ʲô˭вү
Ҳ֪˭һظʱžʹϳϽ˵û˿
ø޷˿޷һȻǷвš
˿ɻǵʮǰǳ̰۴󰸣ɱͷģŵģʥϼ˰ٳ඼ûӹһ١
޷˵ͷʱϸյǻã̰۸֮¼Ϊ񣬼֮飬Զ̰һϳ͡
˵ûǻϼǵ˽գҲ䲻̰۸֮¡
Щĸεģ֪ǻʲôݺүүǺã
һ̾˵ֻнʼĩڽֻˡ
޷ɫ԰׵̱ϣۿС褾Ҫˣô£
ͻȻ뵽ʲôȻ˰İǣʮӡⱳ֮Ӧ֪ҲҵˣңʵҪүæ
үھӪΰæ
ˣȥС褽йɡǸӣҪΪˣǺһ
Ҫ飿޷ԥةһġ
ҹζ࣬ϲáˣϵȫ˵
޷΢΢һ£̶ͷ
ةѾЪ£Ѿ߽Ѻ󣬼æǰ鷿
ףĸףˣ
Լ˵һ飬Ҳøة褿ˡ
ة褺ܿˣ֮ү飬µΪֹ
ǡͷ
ףĸףϸ롣ة褲ǣ
˵С褣
סة褵ʹү˼
á
ة褸˺󣬳һ̾Ϣһȥ˸š
ھӪյةҪϢæ˸٣Ӫȥ
ةüۼȾĨȥǳ׸鸴һ顣
֪º̲ڲ̰۰Ҳ֪вٹԱ永û뵽滹׼Ӱӣδ˻˸вˡ
үҲŸ׻ܻߣֻǱˡ
΢΢ۣĵδۡ
ة褣㲻ҪżĽңһ˲ġֻҪûκ˶ԩ
ة΢΢ĵһͷ
ӣ۲ѡ
룬˵еˣȥԷɺã
š
ѡӱߵһʳ
ڶ¥ٺӵĴߣһһƷʳ
СƲ˶ͣΪة褲ˣȰٳһ㡣
ة褿ףǶˣڵ
뵽ɵůůģеĲ˳ȥ˲١
üͷչЩ΢΢һĨȡ
˵ʱ򣬵СЦ˵Ŀ͹Ѿλˡ
ԣة褶˳ŵСָŵķ򿴹ȥ
ϵļӣʵСܹǮ
СصһǮ
ͷˡ
ة褣һ¡˵꣬Ϻ
Ϻһ񣬡ү
Ӳض񡣡ԭСϺãȴֻ뾮ˮˮ
ӣ뱾͵ǱûŵϱǱ飬ٷ˴֡˵߷һӡ
ϺĿⴥӣǼɲĳһ£Ц˵үˣףү޹Ӱͷϡ
лͷת߻
ةһͬ뿪ʳ
ĵ²Щ꿴Ƶ͵ÿθᣬܿǲˡϸⲻǵ͵硣
ۻ᲻ȱϯ²ͷȷʵ򵥡룺ϱϸģ
ԭ飬²Ӷӵĸд֮
ة򴽣Сʵү᲻Ҷ죿
ة褿ϸ˵ЩҸ˶ءô򸴺󡣡
ةüۣ̤èӰ
Ծֿˡ




9     ʱλ

֮յǰϦ˼٣ص
Ѳ׵ӣϲ֣ϲġ
һ뵽ܰϱȢˣֵúϲ£졣
ʱү
΢΢һ㶣ǰŸյžˣɺϻ˶Զ
òҲ֪⡣
Ȼá
ȵλյĶ豭һڡ
֮С
մϲմӾӪϻأұš¹հãҲòš
ȻһЦкָ̣
֪Щӱİӽͷͣտֲǰʱ޷ݸˡ
İôˣ֪ʡ
ΪϷ˵ǰʧִ˸ˣ֮ʧ⳥ˡⰸӱ˵֤ˣҶΪ˷Ĳѡ
ֻҪȷ֮ʧ֮ӣҲʲôĳΣֺαصء
Ͳסݺ
Ŷ˭⵨Ӹݺҵˣ
ɺˡ
ɽҸ嵨Ǹʵˣʲôᡣ
Ҳ֪ɺỹݺڹΪ˷ǣӰ쵽յİþͲˣɲܡ
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ܾأü
յϲˣȫ
ٿȻһЦ˵ı£໨ʱôԼ֮¡
÷ȥ
գ첻ʱϰͿʼæµϲıﲻò֡
ӭة褽˻Ρ
ĵڽˣáܹȢôõϱá
ӭ׵Ķһ·ţ˴ǣפۿ
Χ۵Ⱥųӭ׶߾Цݵڸͷϣǻİ̧Σط·ȱʧһ顣
ԺƺиڸڻӦ
侲һ룬ԼֻǵĽˡ
ûʮǰǼ£Ծ֮ةһʳĳ󡣼ʹܺϺһҲļһӵܡ
ǰһź컨ĺˡ
ͷµة褱ϲŲϲãԸоΧ˺һ͡
֪ϲ﷢ʲôֻ֪ߣʲôҲõġ
ӦŸõλϿһˣŲæĽ׵λ˹
ڳıǶˣȸղſʱΪ
Щôģֻܻϲϲĺة褰á
ϯԾ߲ܣһСͺ˲١æϲܵơ
۵ҼҶȥ磬үָѹ
ͬϯĹ֮
ƽ˿οүմϲԺˡ
Цֱͷ˵СͶ£˭˶Ҫһ
ЦŸ
˰ҧһ
ΪЩ˵Ļָ绪ûоĸ׵Ρ
֮ǰȾ֪绪ΪܿͳЦû뵽Ц绪
ȶ˾ƣں峽һһҵļܻ·ҲԱߡ
·⣬ͻȻѣĵ˵ǿˡ
ʱ˾ȵװģ
ں峽ɿĸ첲һ˵Ŀ
ĶȼװϯҾǰ˽ҩû¡
ڹ˵ãֶ
ԥȻֶһϰףǳײة褡
ݵҸûгҲûֵܣǰϯҪһæտš
ʵг򸾰æкͣҲ˾ְǰԺϯȱˡ
Ļ˵ϣֻӦǰԺϯϡ
ŽȥϲƸͷȺƣе
ϲź̴ȫ£·˲ֻʣˡ
ة΢΢ӣЩҲЩ¡
£˵׵࣬۲ۣ
ûкۡةһ΢΢ü˶һѾ
ûһѡ·
ة褸Ź
ûбźϰߣ˿ֻһȤĿƵĿة褰·
ة褱ûڣӵ˻Լ
š֪ϱǺߣ뵽ϻҪߵ飬ûжԼѣĻϵһ
ةشߣ٣ȸղŸˡ
ǣֻϱڿȥκʱ򶼽οˡ
ߣװõޱȣʵ˷ܼһš
ɤӣ˵ة褣ǸðЪˡ
ʱة͸ˣԱŲŲǸ˵
áŲһ£͸Ųһ£ɰ
ة褷û˵




10  »   лͻ

ة˯ۣһ̧ͿЦӯӯĿԼ㶵գһ۾뵽ҹ˲ˡ
ʱ磬˯˵ҴҴǡ
ة褰ƿ᣿ͷɫҪȥ裬Ȼл粻˳١
شϣֱӽˡ
ԣة褲΢΢һüͷǵϲδݹ֮ղȥ裬ҵ˽ⷢӹڦү
γ֪ʱжིһТ֣ʵТ
ϱޱߵ鷢˵ǻϴͻ飬Ͽǵ¾ǲϿɻϵּ⡣⣬а취ǸŮԼվȥ
ţة۾ɻĿ
ϱôôϲɵһ¡ǹ˼˵ǲˡ
ǰϵ֤ݡ
ةˣת뵽׵飬֤̰۰Ҳ𣿡
ε̰۰ǣ漰ӣϱûһ鵽ףһʱա
ԣة褶Լ»µʶֻǸͨɢ
¶ǣͷ˵Ҫġ
šة褵ȨˣҲܹ
˼ڴ˵˻º̴ӽź
ة褿Ѿȥѣɵ΢΢ü˹ȥ
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šة褵Ǽɲһ¡
ϴǣةݣøǷݼةҲӶݼ
ϸ˲ԿףةʶĿ
˵ԺĴС˵㡣
ة΢΢˵˲ȿţһѭ
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Сڱˡ
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С̫ڹſڵȵة褣æǰٹ
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̫ͻʵۻʺʹͣҲʹ͡
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̫õĿ֣ʺɫ䣬ʼձ΢Ц
˵һҾȥֱϲŻ˵ûκӣǼ֣ߵ̽ȥˡǶǷ񰲺ã֣Ӧñ֮˶
ȥ׼绪ӣ绪ȥƫƫȥҪѿ
֣ɫһ˲Ц˵أһү˿ˡ
һЦ˵ˣ뱾˶һ˴л˵ԩ֣
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ʵ۵һۣһ˵ʱˣ򰲰ɣĪ̫Ϣ
ةȹ뿪
·ϣǣة褵֣ʵӦЩˣ˰ɣ
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˵̫ӵ¼Цˡ
˵ճ̫æǶûܺúõĺһھ¥ܷ򸾡
̫Цãֵһͷӡ
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ة褵λԶЩż
صϺة褿Լ˵ʼݶ࣬£Ҳ鷳¡
ةһЦ˵˰Ͳ׹أ㵹ãˡ
룬˵ɥĸĸһƣұҲԸΪϷǡ
šةӦһ
Ļˣ̫ǵճӣ̫淶Ŷ꣬ϥӣ⡣
ة̫Ϊ̫ӡ
ԸӳǸ˿͸ĻӸã̰ͼ֡˵ֵ׳꣬Լ׵Ļӳ󡣡
ة褾ȵĿû뵽Щӵģû뵽˵Щ
ܿ͸뷨һ˵Ƿޣεˡ
šةжİԴ˲䡣
ӵ
ة룬˵ү绪ǵ£ǲɲТյ衣
ü
үС
ġ
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Ԥеһǰȥߵţ˸Ÿ
ƿһǣٵһͷ
վڴ⣬󺰣ϰǰ밲
һԽԽ·פΧۣ׷Źſڵ顣
Կηүóðԡةָ˵ʼչһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ة褴ϻۡǵĹһıͷգǵĽͷβڲ෹λĸ׺̸οȷ֮ӵġ
ԼĪ˰ʱΧ۵İԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ󵨵ָָ㡣
ڴ򿪡
³Էةһ߽ͬ
·˰շԸҪǴƫ
ة褶ɵӣҴլǰԺͬС죬ǰԺױġ
һĨЦĶС˵İɣǰԺ·Ǵˣ
С˵ͷ˵ǰţ뿤С
ȢЯ裬ǰԺС˵ӲСϷŪˣ£
еǯסСˡ
С˼үСǹˣǹСİүȥƫ
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ӦһߣӾǰӡ
ס֣
绪
˵һͣٲס֣ɿСˡ
绪ŭҲҪˣ˭ģ
ǵЦһ˵λѵصˣøл
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ة褿˵ү衣
˵ķ𣿡绪ŭֻ
ةƺŵˣԾ㡣
üȻǱýȢǣ뿪
绪һ֣
ͷҲصĴة뿪




11     һĶԹ

߳ةƵ˵үˣǸϿظɡ
áϱܵίۺѡ
һة褾ϡ
ֻǱһ£ԼܵίԼˡ
ة褣ѹ°͸Դϲ˲䣬۵һ⡣
ر֮ˣû̱۸ϱ
ү
ǰ֪绪һ£еĸܵһ¡
ةֻ绪һһж۵һģͬܡ
ԺңүҪѹ
ЦЦеĲ춼һ仰ɢ
Ҳںʲô̬ȣҲҪΪѹۡ
ҲãҲȰȥ
˵ѵĶԣТ죬Сܴ
ıСһš
ة褾֮⣬ٿľüΪһ̵ĽģܶίҲֵõġ
գةԱߣֱģ˲ˡ
һߴ·һˡ
ˡɣľȺ˽ة褵õıɣɣѾľľСˡ
ةʵүأ
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ة褵ͷѸϴ꣬ǰ䳡
аġ
ةһͿ˧һ棬ĺһá
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ãȳ裬·ţҴȥһط
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ةһЦû׷ʡ
źةϳǾһͨլԺ
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үϾϲĿ
ǣة߽Ц˵壬һ£ϱ
Цŵͷة褸˸񣬶Ȥÿ濡үϧˡ
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ķ֣ǰһ
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ة褾ϲĿĿн͸羴
˵壬Сϰֱġ
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Сʱչ˹ҡСͱ˷¥Ϊòãлѧϰ黭дһֺ֡ҵʶԵһӢ۾ҵ֣ҵʱȢޡ
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ة褲ȷʣĪǹø檣ң
ûиҵҲ֪ҵôġ˵ʱϿ˹壬ܾˡһź
Թһֱһ
ǰҵȥ͸ԼһֱסֵǮ⣬Ҳʱȥ
ţԺҲʱȥ
áҲڸʱҲԶȥʱ䡣
˵˶˹ҪؾӪ֮£һĬ
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ԭ־ҵΪܷ롣û룬뵽һ£Ҳ뵽ӵս£΢΢ۣĿвԾ͸һ˿
˵ûҪҵΪױ𡣡
ڵãҲϣıǵĽ֣ǳƽж
ةĿ۾ҲȰүģֻϣүܴӦңκʱҪԼ
ҴӦ㡣ͷ䶼Ǳ˴˵ĺǶúõġ
ʱ䳯͢ɽеϸȷⳡһ᲻ᷢǰӺ
ǻصٵة褵ү糯ϣϰĶξһְڹ˼һ¡
ͷԤ֮С٣ʱة褣Ǹģһ㶼С˵дľګ
ة褲ȵĿ
£ة˵ʷҲТʷ˲ȡ粻ݵʱ򣬴ó˰ϵ֤ݡ
ⶼүŵģة۾û뵽˵ʷʹ䣬Ҳû뵽ܵ¾ֱ˵ˡ
óʲôգ׶˵ǷޣԺٻҶΣ͵úݺݵķˡ
ةůůģǣʣô
²˴䣬齡
ة褺Сѣջš




12     Сڵǿ󱳾

׼ģٳǰة褼һ飬Ϊ⣬ԤڵĻҪá
Сʰ׵ǰˡ
ǰةةΣһͼæ˹ȥ
ںýŵʣľƿȲŽŵȻվԱߵŷة³
磡硣Сܲͷ˵Χǡ
и򡣡ǡ
ةĺһ򡱣ةҪ
ةһЦĶԵܵ˵Ǵˡ
лл磬лл򡣡Сˡ
޷ة褵ϸƣȻ֪Ӹãǻ̲סĵġ
ة褸޷ȥԺ˵ȥ鷿
˵Щӳз飬㲻ТǻƲ˹ֱǱ򡣵ǳ¹磬¹Ʋ͡
΢΢ԥҪҪ͸¶һЩ顣
뵽ǰϱ׵뵽˲ɵĵ˵ˣ¹ƲУʵѡ
¶Ȼ֮ɫת˲š
ʽ΢֮ʱҵǡ
ԭˡ˿
з̫ӵӴᵳӪ˽ڡ
˵֮
ԽԽӣǿ彡һжδ֪үܹУֱӽ볯͢áҲǴһСġ
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ĸףûкȹҾĲ衣ة褵ɫ˰в
ԣ޷һ̾Ϣ˺һ˵үؾӪʱԽү̫ǰТ
ة褻Ȼ򣬵ͷˣлĸָ㡣
޷ѵջҪү˼Ҫǵĸ顣
ĸ׷ģ֪ôةýȰɵüۡ
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ǻڴߵλϣٵԱ
Ȼ˻û룬˳˹
үû뵽￴λҢϲĿǣһӡǿԸүͬ𣿡
үϺ˸
ة褣ϱġ
ة褾ҢϺһ飬ĵֻš
Ҳǡǡ뷨ıģҢϺ
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Ңװļة˵
ͱϣة褾Ǳˡ
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˼ǣǸǲһЩ¡
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һﾪˡ
ܽͽ쿴Ķˡ
ة˵չǸˡ
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ة褵ͷյҪעĵط
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ةǰȥ˵һǵʱ岮ֵǶ˸
ةһһˡ
˴źڶ׹Ц˵Ҳǿųġүٳǧĺá
̫ϲүȢӣ϶Ȫ֪Ҳˡ
ЦȰ̫Ǹ˵ӣ˵Щ˵Ļ
˵öԣҾ̫ˡ˵̫꣬ة꺮ů
ةȫϸĵĴˣóĳǶ⡣
ĻϲĿة褣۶ϱ




13  ·   ͻ

ٽֻò鲻ԸĻصӪ
һȺһΧ˹һ߹»飬һ߻ԼȢϱʱ
һֱͿʼϱˡ
̲ס룬պбҪҪ˼ɼˡ
Ϣʱɺ˽뵽оʣлĩлү
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һӵпλĻ׹ھӪպӪ˭ģ
лɽĺ⡣Ȼҵȥ⡣
үүǰƽɺûмʣЩԲλ࣬ԼСˡ
һߣة褵ӽ̫
ة˵үȥӪˣү̫ǰТ
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·˹ҲҪɣպÿΪ·
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ةΪѡ
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Ц˵ܺͿҲǸպҪɡ
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͡
ѧһ٣ҿסˣȻ¸ˡ
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ѧһͷӲͷƤ˵˴š
ٵǰ˭ҡ
˲˻ȥ
Ц
ͻȻһԶ
ǰϿͣϰ꿤




14  ظ   ѵظ

鷿ڣʵۼۣһҲû¹ŵˡ
ʵ۾˾ˣǹþˡ
겻վס
ˡס
ʵڷۣ˵ףأСִЩľҲһ֣ɺͳ
ˡһͬ
ةȻţֱͦˡ
ָة褣ʵ۾˾ˣةң
ʵĿة褣˵꣬㲻ϳֳޱ㲻˾ˡ
㶵ĿŻʵۣί
æϣף˵ĶǺӻ档ϰǿֳǲʵ
ʵ˵꣬ɩϴ
Բ۾ʵۿߵҺǻʵ۾˾˵ΪʲôҪôƫ
ٶͷ߳亹СĶ˵ϴ
ûĹĵģֱ׳
ʵЦˣ˵û޲ᷣ㣬ֻ˽㡣
ᱻʱ͸ˡ
ʵۼ˵굱ףٺһꡣ
겻Ϊʲôҵʹ󲮣
ʵָ˵˸Ϊʲô
껹磬ʵ۲ͷǣȫ¡
뿪ʵ۵ߺֺݺݵĵةһۣһͬ뿪
ة꽾ݹˣϣҲǡ
ة褵ͷǳǳЦ˵иףүŲء
صʱֺ̫žּˡ
ʵ۱ϰТɼΣʹһЩƷ
ةõ˰οǻʵ۶Խ֮µ̬ȣҲǶ̬ȡ
ͬʱҲдּ̫ൽ˹
ʵûʺ֣רŽ̵ꡣ
Ӫº󣬼̻صϱߡ
СʮȥԼֻҵʱڣǱӾʹةˡ
ǡ
ǲģةߣЩϱ鷳
˼Ƭ̣˵ϳƽĸ˵Ĵ͸¶绪
ǡ
ةС˻
ľֺǺǵܹ˵ֳˡ
ةɨ⼸ˣ˵ֻ˼Ǳȥϸҷǡ
ľ˶ǰģȻӦǣֺǵĻҪ˽ֺֺǡ
¹˺£
ӣ˵ة褲룬겻̵ֳֽ顣
˸ŮˣŮӡǸ͸үࡣ˵˰ĸ˰ˣһܡ
ة褼ĳ
˿̣绪ſ̫ϿԼί
̫Ȼ绪ɸ֣ϾԼŮݵ
°Ҹ
ĸء
һߣȰȥĸԶԶߡ
ЦھߣҲû취ˣ绪
ͷ۵ȰˣǸŮ˶ˣˣǲ
磬ӵ

ԣΪݣ»صСپ١
ֵɢ
Ӫݣࡣ
ûȥϱ죬Ǿͺá
ˣ԰Ӧ±ѵһοˡ
˵صڴɽɽ֣ɽ侣
ٳǰ±ѵĲ׶˵о̣ɽˮǼҳ㷹˴οֻһ׼Ǿͨɽ
һɽԴ󲿷ʿ˵ѡ
ˣСֻԻ˻ѾӰˡ
˵үñ̽̽·ɡ
峽΢΢ü˵үǲǵթ
ͷɽȻվ·ߡܽѡΪһοˣʵ˷ѽ⡣
ֵһȻͿֵ۷
й
ǲɵĳ鴤£ϻ֣й
峽ЦܽҲǸˣȤ
Цү׽ȥ
ͷӽɽ
ߵɽʱͻȻͣ½Ų䱸סĵүүˡ
࣬ǰ֪Ĵܡ
ʱ˶ͣ½ŲΧһ
ü΢΢Ϊ飬ֿˣҪԶصïܵĵطɽ
á
ûãо˷һڵɽ
ܹӺǱǰУǰյ㡣
ЩˣҲ˲ġ
ɽ·УĸѲ⡣
˽Ҳζ±ѵ
ɺֵµĸѺϸ±Ӫڲϸģȫǲɢ
Ǳһѵսѣӱ޵Ļسǡ
ڵؼҡ
ةϴ꣬ҪЪ£ľ溰үˡ
ʱة褾ϲ۾æȥ
ŽةĿӡ
ة褣һˡ
ة褵ʢϲãˮ١
ϸеʵ۲ۣûˣôùô
ůůģӵߣЪţȥԵ㶫ϴһ¾͹
㡣ة褼æԸȥЩʳ
Цĵϱá




15  ʱ   ̫˵Сʱ

ة۾ʱ͸ɴ
ߣԴЦӯӯĿ
ةԺĿ˲䣬򶨵ʣʲôʱˣ
չʱ̡
ôˡ
ʱɡͷĲ䣬ة褣Һ㡣
ةЩ룬ɡ
һͬ
һȥ鷿һȥٹ
ھӪı֣ʵһѯһ
ʵ˵˾Ӫ±ѵʲô£Լ˵
Ǿ仰ȫƾ
ʵ۶˻˵Ϣһӡ
ֵּøУպÿԺϱ¡
򰲺ȥٹةˡ
ʱة̫˵Ц
̫Ҳǰϸ˳۵ǲЩҲɹЩ
̫󣬳ûݣʵˡ̫ǰת˸ȦЦ˵
̫֣ЦȻƤʵˡ
ةߣ֪ղ̫ة˵ʲôЦôġ
̫˵˵Сʱ¡
㶣Сʱ鲢࣬඼ǹڸĸġ
̫Ц˵һηҵСة褵ķǵة褴ޣȥģǸƤӴһܣ˶ñס
ة褺ߵͷ
ͻȻһ£Ŀڷᡣ
̫ڼ˵ţǸʱѾлԼĶԡŵʱͻȻһѻſˡ
㬵ЦЦֱ鴤
ûڼҵһΣ˻˭
С˵дһݣԭΪһڴϣة褵ĻβڸͷӭȢ˾ǻ巰
ظϣة褽§ڻƲ֡
ة벻쳣ѣүôˣ
ة褣ҵġ
ة㶣ʧЦġ
Ʋ֣˵ˡ
㵽ôˣةƿ
۵ףʵϲǰңڵң
ʲô⣿
ة褱ʵ㶵ġ
صϲ㡣
ᵽпԵζԼԼž
˵Ժһӱãϲҡ
áةգգ۾ȻһЦ
ʣ巰أ
˵ӣة褸ˣСʱΣʮûˡ
ϲ𣿡ʡ
˼ЩʲôءةûбһۣԩԭںҳԴס
ͷة褲䣬һԡ
ة޶һĹͷû͸ҺӳǽƵģҪˡ
Ҵˡæϴ˲Դة褣ǳȥɡ
ة΢΢һ㶣ʵûи㰲Ų£
Ъһӡ
Ҳáүȥ
ȥ۾Ŀ
ة룬˵Ң˵཭ϵķ飬Ҹպȥةá
á
ȥ£ϱġ
ʲôʱҢôˣ
㲻ڸЩ죬档ʶ㣬˵Ȥദ
ةƳԽԽڵɫָ˴ĶͷǸ㲻ҳԴס
֪ûסζ
صүƽӣ̫ٳ
ة褣⡣
ة΢΢̶˵үҪȥһ˽ϣȲμƽͳ
ǣȥš
ºӵة褻ط
ľиᣬͷˣαǵг̡
ƽҼã볣Ҳǡ̫٣ǵǰ
ة룬Ҫ˵ģҪ͸ҷ˽á
ġ
˺գة褵ʱ͡
ڸǰӭӱ͵һǣ˹үλҲˡ
Ц˵̫٣ܲ
үǽȥ
̫
ҿӹ
æҿ񡣡
ռ̫óλү
ةԼĸߣȥ˵̫ྻ
̫ЦЩϽǷ죬ȥȥ
ƣҼ̫ߡί
̫Ц˵ţ˭ϡүѽ
뿪̫Цֱ˸Ľˣ׷׿Т˳
ҵʱ峽˵
ԣִ
ûʲôҢ֡
ʲôĵôǺù֮ˣǵѡ
峽ߣ˵ûʲô
ƷŭƵǣдžᡣ
ɵĿǣβŵҶһŴͨ˯ֵܣҪΪһС˺
˵ү˰Ѻĵ¿ηΡ
峽ɵһЦˣ˵ãү
˵С
峽˵ղǿܵܺϺһҺϺƲ磬ͷ˵ǿܵܡ
˵һֱҢǿʲô
סͲˡ
ʵ峽Ϻ֪٣
ʱ¹ڳ峽۵ײԾ¶һ˿⡣
Դôһһ᣿
Ŀ峽ʾ˵
ү֪ҽôǱŰ峽ŭЦ
۾ĪϺ
û֤ݣҽԺѲ˸ϵ
ګګ˵û֤ݣ˵һɵġ
˵˰顣
峽ۿ֣صлү
鸴ӣ˵һҲá
˽ĬձЩΡ
ץӷ˻˵峽ոҲԡУлл㣬һҢ
峽ƽ߳һ˿޵Ц⡣
ͻȻ֮ոˡ
˼Ƭ̣˵ҼҢΣǸ򵥵ġڣ㵽ΪֹòҪ峽
ڿ峽ͷ




16  ı   벶ȸں

ͤһȺٸǧ˵Ż
ة˹æ񣬸
Զ˶Ů˵ƼûֻҪһȨƵˣͿǹ¡ǹȢ㣬ةܵһ٣Ͷˡ
ѩ͵ЦһǸûʵȨɢ㲻ʲôȨơ
ЦŮ־
ĸŮ߿ҢӰ߳˺üҪкϷˡ
ͤӡ
תǴĵة褡ڵĽǶȿȥֻܿһӰ
峽˵ǸˣԿģүعڵġ
šةǼ¾ͿԿóԼԿֻ̲סᵣġ
üôһģֹһף
̫峽ִһ䡣
һΣѵõûиԳ
˶ĵطȥ
ǰԺյۼˡ
סһСˣʵǰ淢ʲôˣ
үǰͷڱүһѶ̵ͷ
ھȵòҵЯǰѶ̵ɣ
ǰѡ
ԣһ˹ȥ
غڰεͷ
ܴ󡣡ƽοѶ̵ڡ
λϷǰӵ˹ۼҲԽԽࡣ
ǵ֪ӮĲͷӸˣ˵ҲͷøЩ
պү˵ٱȱȭŹ򣬴ҵ㵽Ϊֹ
ռ̫һλϷҲ˲ͷ
ո߹ة褣ة褳ӯӯǳЦ
˲о³ȥˡ
ة褵Ŀ׷ȭۣġ
ϰ䣬ǵõ̵ӵܵʦ޵ġ֮Ӫ±ѵ˲ʵս
һɹӵУٮٮߡ
ſڣ
ͬʱ峽Ϻ˰ܡ
𾪵峽ȭŹôȻܸϺ
ɵ룺ܹమɱˣԭ趨ܵ¹Ϳ˭ƫˡ
ӣ롣
Ϻȭүˣ顣
˽֣㵽Ϊֹ
үˡϺúܿ죬ͨս߶ܿóûȫ
һϵá
ƽЦɽв˳Ǻġ
˲ͷﰲοԼȻСƣ䱻˹ˣЩͷڣ׬ˡ
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ЦҿӮŶԡ
ʱļλ˶Ц
ةЦЦ۾ȴ͸һĨǡ
ԼĲ˵û£Ҫġ
ة΢΢ĵһͷ
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Ƕ̫˵ġ
̫Ц˵ǣȥϷ
ǣϷ̨ǰϷ
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峽˵Ϻ书߳ࡣ
ǰûڸ裬峽ʤ˱ҳ£̫⡣
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ϸ۾飬һɽдƾֲɴѴģȷˡ
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ǵģ̫ĸκĸýáҼұǺţҸֻ񲿵һԱɣĸκ˵ϻ
ϳǹһרβвνȻŵġ
̫ӵ⣬̫ͻʵҲˡλмĵģҲмͶұ˼
峽𾪵Ŀү·ͬСɡһҪȫһԴġ
ͷĿ档ϵ̫ӵλܷȣȻС¡
Ҳˣȵүǲа취̫ã
̫жˡڶ峽ܷΪá
ãĸȥǴ򡣡峽Ҳڶģʵ
ؿۣ˵ҪʲôǾ˵
Цá
峽ҲǳǳЦţĳ˵ۡ
ʶʲô
ǣɤӣ˵ȥҼϷ
Ϸ̨ϣŮع⡣Ϸ̨£˶üΪרע
ةҲϷʶͣ½ŲϷ꣬˹ȥ
˵үǷҪһϷ
΢΢һЦڣûա
΢Ц˵С
Ϸ̨ϳաةֵĵбһۡ
иô˽ӣŮңաͬԻҹȴͬķζ
ùͻ˶˵ص㣬ӻ֮ӣ۾֮
ʱҲҵաˣ̡
ǣƽϷ೪
ɢϯƽة褵ſڣСֱӴظ
һ鷿ة褱׼ȥϵ顣
ۿҹɫةһңү鷿𣿡
ǵġľ˵ҹˣЪš
ةҡͷȥһӸ
鷿̫ӿ󣬾ͺĸôӦԺ⡣
̫ӱ¶һˮʯ󣬱ؽ͢ȴҲǰԼ˵ĺûᡣ
˵ݷѾãҲ֪¶˶١ǲܽװ⵹ֻ»Ҹȼлطˡ
ʱ鷿үˡ
΢΢һ㶣æԿţة褣ôô˯ԺҪңԼ˯
˵߽ӹӸԼţ۵ϱ
μĬûҴƺʶ¾ŵλ
λض񡣡ة褵ĿȥϵõģҲûġ
תͷгӸæҾͲˡ
סԼߣʾ˵
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һ˲˵̫ܶ¶пܶҲ֣ˮԽԽá
һЦ̫һֱҪǲһ֮
λةй֮ԵģһƵ̽
Խ˼˼жΣλһλĻӵˣһλʵӵˣλӶҪռ˲С
λة褴СʶģΪԽС͸ߡ
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ǡ
һ£Ȼȥ
¸ˡ
鷿ʣ˺ة˵ҵ塣
ة褴ĸһ塣
ҡ
˵壬һ뽻ȥ졣
үԸ
֮£ʵ۾֮Ҫǵˡ
үģүλ֮ʱкϢ۵һƬ䣬ƲסЦ⡣
ͷҲ¡
ة褶ϵӸݸµģһɡ
Ҩһιة褣ة褰һڳˣҪҧһ
ûʲôҵģ
ûСة褴΢΢ӡ
Ҩһιةǰһڡ
Цǵةбһۡ
㲻Ҫңıة褵ᵽɤۡ
ıᣬȴΪ϶
ԣة˿˵ֻҪıͺáԹıߴ඼ûк³ҲϣҲ
ӸŻϣԼϣģǻͷϵġ
ة죬ʵһ£Ըǹأ
ûֱӻش𣬶˵֪ΪҪȥ£
ţ
иñƭûһȥָ˵ڶҾͱһѴˣĸҲ𺣡
ة褾ȵ۾ѹղķӦ
ҵսɳǸŮ˸ļ޸ߡĿֻһұ𡣡
ة̾ҲǸˡ
˵ǸŮˣǻʼҹӦû롣˵ǴӽϻѾָļˡ
˵͵Цһ
ة˫ֻסĲӣ۵ı
һѽҡд齣ǾЪ




17     ȥȥ

ʻǣة褻㱼С
үȥ棿û뵽޺󷴶ܳ棬סĵ׵ȸԾЩȷʡ
ЦĿԺǳ棬ȥҶ㡣
šةüһ䣬һֻ첲ϡ
⣬Ҫүˡ
áةСĻƺ
ʱ·ƶ֮ϣһһͿ
ٽһպ塣
ة褵Ķⷺǳ죬
ڡЦ⣬ϱǺˡ
һ·ͣͣɽˮƷɫʳٵ˶òֺ
գûǰϵһ򣬱һ
ҹ˾ʱϡ
ͻȻ洫ϤϤе
д򶷡ة褽ŵץĸ첲
ġͷһǣܸ㶨
ʱүһǿߵѾ£ȥȴˡ
֪ˡ
¡ةҲˡ
߳䣬ǿȹԺ
ةɨһȦΧĻˣЩӡѹֻղŻ˵ܸ㶨ԭǻЩˡ
ûŹǿָŻ˶ة˵ǰ
񣺡μٷˡ
ض񡣡
ʾСʮǰة˵Сʮ֮һֱڰб㡣ԺСʮ㣬ɺã
˵⻰ʱСĿԼš
ة褴Сʮͷá֪Ӻͱ
ȻһЦŰעƵǿϡ
ʱǿҲѺ˹
Ҳˡ
޵⻧˼æ˵峤һЩ;ǣүٷˡ
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峤ˣ²˭ˣһܡܲУǿҲˡ
Ŀǿ˵ȥ١
ʱǿˣЩ¶ɵı飬ȴ¶˾ʧ֮ɫ
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ȻΪٷ˹ᡣ
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Ц򱧲ƽϱҲܿɰ
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ƺһҴˡ
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ӡ

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΢΢ü˵˸һȥá
ǡ
òѺűǿƺƵ뿪ӣ峤żĴǰ
ةƳƵ㲻𣿡
죬Q˶á
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á
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ס֣£ܿͻˡκԭ鲻ͬİǾз
šةӦš
һ֮ǿȫ¡
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дΡΡָһǿǰһү
˿ǡ
һ磬ʲϵ
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񣬶δһ
ΪĿ̶Ц˵үˡ
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Ǻԭص飬ʶ顣ȻС˵δػȫݣǿܻᷢ仯
ةΪǲԸ⻳˵ֻǲ²һֿܰˣһ⡣
˵ȥѰʦ˳̽һ֪ƷΪ




18     ʦҩ̡֪

ѭŴСһÿննʦ
ڣڼϳһλʦ
ʦΪһȾ纮СдһŷӣӵĸĸǧлĿͷл
ʦһţǿȥץҩɣŷϵֵҩǮ纮֢֮ϲá
ӵĸĸмıĺ뿪
ةǰʦˡ
ʦɫĴһۣӷʩˡ
ʦ𷨸鷨Ҳߣû뵽֮᪻˾塣
ʩ
ʦҵĽʦָ鷨
Ǵָ֣鷨
ʦ΢΢һ㶣˵ʩƲ
ةһʦȥ鷨㱼·ص˴ةȥϵһա
ةĵúܾˣֱһСɳǰʦΪ˿Ž̸
ߣĳһϲ鷨Ͱһˡ
ةһЦ۾Ŀ˵⸽ɫߣ
Ȳ˵㡣
ʱةü䣬Цøˡ
ٵ˶ʹЦ⡣
ǰţںš
ûãһͳǵ߷Χڡ
λˣҼҹˣɷȥҽݣ
ة褼ṫСѪĿ
εͷٹȥæȼȥҽݡ
ĬuĿϣϳǰллӽ
һĮһԡ
ةЦ˵֮ͣлȥҽݴ˿ڰɡ
뿪ةָ˵Ǹͦ
ûϱڿӵСֻ
ةüۣŴŴ˵߲ˡ
˭ô󷽣Ҫˡ˵߶ǰ
ةһſһֹֻĲӣһֻ־˾Ķ䣬˵Ҫ㡣
ǣҲáҹϣĳһҾ͹ԹˡʵͦĵģϱԽԽˡ
ة褸ĳֶֻĲӣ˵ڹҡ
ûУҲǣˡ
ǲԸⱳңء
жأԶ
ةЦţ컬ࡣ
߳һС·ة褾ˣ˵ɡ
ˣ
ۣǱ߱Ϣةĸ첲
̽·ۻүٷˣǰи弡
ǣһЪš
һյһ״Ʒϸ˲弣ﲻͣǿӡ
販ʿæˣţǼţǿѾˣûţǿ
ʱţŭĿԲ͵˲販ʿһѣҶûҪȥҶӣǿӣǿӣ
販ʿǸţˣô£
販ʿһ̾ţһӵģҲǸˣʱ˹ѣһ˰ţǿ󡣵ţǿѾʧ꣬Ҷ˵Ѿˡ
ôʧٵģ
˭֪أ˵ɽ֮һֱû
ԭ
Ϣ˱ǰС
ȻǸҶӵϸˡ
ţקһ˲֣ǿǺһɽģΪʲôֻһˣ
һɽͷֿˡ
˵һ㺦ǿӡ
ţ㲻Ҫٺˡƿתߡ
ţڵأʹޡ
ةһ̾ľϺͲȥæ
ľϲţţǵл
˰ﵽףةľϲţ͵˼ҡ
յˮλȿˮߡţǵȥæ
ľϺͲæȥæţš
ةʵţղ·ںִʲôˣ
Ǵţգߵ磬ǳ԰ټҷġǰҶһɽ񣬽ֻһ˻
ţݺᣬ̧ʹ˲
ةʣɽ
ǴͷĴɽ
죬ϴɽѰһ޷֡
գة褾ڳתһ죬ǰϡ
òֺʱͻȻһ֮ˡ
ţһ߽һΪٲõҩ̡
ةɻţ˵ǹ¶𣿡
һԼҳҲЩ棬ҪҪȥ
šة΢΢ͷ
ԭţżһλ岻ʵϺ˰ٲáٲϺΪơ
߳ٲúةüܾЩֵֹġ
ȥһٲúţգةȥš
ͻȻ˾ϲıǰ˵ĶˣҼҹһֱ߶ҪҵǱʾл⣬ɾˡ
ĵ֮ͣعһ
С˲ΪЦ˵Ҽү֪ˣҲлǰ˹ӡ
ة
ةקק䣬ȥݷһ˺칫Ӱɡ
á
СЦ˵ʶմסںδһظҼү͹ӡ
סջ
С˸Ҿ뿪
ǻصջʱ츮ܼʱ
үٷˣҼүǱ֪ˣλݾ츮ԱлλҼҹӵİ
֮Ͷѣ칫ӿˡ
үѾ᷿;ϯ
ջƹ԰Ȱ˼䣬Ȱȥ֪ĸϡ
֪ǽʿ˳ڷϥֻһĬuǽλӡ
ϣ츮дǡ
ĬuһƾնлҾһ
ǰľƱַ£ĵĳ岻ʣơ
ة褲ǵĿﲻ
ӵһĴȡ
ة˿ͬʱһŭ⣬ǳĬuȥġ
𴽽ǳǳһЦ˿˿⣬˵Ɑ
䣬ľƱһ
ֳ̾İľƱ¡
ĬuϵЦ˲̣Ҳһ
ɢϯص᷿ةĿߵз
ľϵ˷ˮҴ¡
һźϱϴһԩʱʱ̶̿һʲôˣ֪ܲǾ뿪ʡĪ֮˵鷳
ة˼Ƭ̣˵ߡ
ɫߵĻ˻ȥġϱ˾ͳɡ
һߣҸҲ˵Ż
ͬ˵Ҷӣ׵ô࣬αϸŸС
ǿϰ׹ݣЩᲢ۵ġȻֻҲ;ߵøԶЩοҽδû
Ķԥȷϰ
ˡĬuڱصá
̾УǿүûǸ˼Ҫǿ򷴶
ĬuЦϾûв͵ȵè




19  ׷   ة̽ʦ

ة׼ȥ㣬Ĭu͹ˡ
ӣˣóЩţ֪ϲλθڡ
ߵǰʱĬuͻȻһģ漴Ӿ㵹
Ķܿ죬ةбȥ
ĬuӲĵڵأʹƺһȻԼӷ
ةһüǣ˵ҷӦɡ
ة褿ûǿĬuͼˣ칫ӵȻûȫ˾
Ĭu̧ˮۣί˵ֻӺͷŹ
С£ʹǣͷ칫͹ة칫ӿȥЪŰɡ飬Ƕ˼ڸ߶ˡ
ĬuҪߣ˵ҾȻطˡ
Ͼµ㣬ةûȥ𣿡
˼˵ȥԡϱЩ㣬Ҫըˡ
ة褣Ҫǻȥסջɣ
ة΢΢Ҫ˵һʱҹڰٲöҵİˡ
үٷˣǸţմٲõϺûӰٲóѲڰٲˡ
סܴӰƤӵʧǼ׵顣
˼Ƭ̣Ըȥһ°ٲûзʧٵ顣
ǡ
Ĭ˻ة褣ȥסջ𣿡
ة褸⣺츮᷿ȿջ
жܿ죬һʱͻǰ𣬰ٲÿһ¾ͻвʧ٣ʧٵĶˡ꣬ʧٵ˶һЩбҲˣֵľʬ塣˱٣ʬǲ
ٲ⣬׷顣ǸţգԴʻ
ǡ
ة褿ҲԲ鿴鲻⣬顣
ٷ˵
ǡ
ºһة褵ԴһܰЦһЦ
ة褼ɲĹһǣȻ󵭵бһۣ˵ͷŪˡ
һ£۾˵Ϊͷ٣ȥӡ
үҴӡľϴİٱ
ͷĶСֱ׾ľϵĵ
ة褵һĨǳǳЦ⣬ĺͷһů
ϱɢɢķͣй˵ľɡ
ة褿ľϣӡ
ľóһСӸ鵽ةǰ׼Ϊͷ
ةͷ˿ɫ糣˵ͦãᡣ
ʱ۾һЩ˼˵Ҷϰϰˡ
˭ϰةƮƮбһۡ
ʳָһıͷЦԼͷ
ةƲƲ죬ʵӦõ˰ɣ
һ˲˵Ҫ˷ѣʵ
ة룬ǵ·ΪҪʦͣͣ˲ʱ䡣㣬ӦѺǿعٵˡ
ü˼ӣ΢΢ƲͷʲôҲû˵
գѺһ˸á
ع̹״֪նϱ̲ˡ
ٷ˹
Яة褳ϯ磬ﾪȵүҲڣ
˷й˵
˴ν˷ȫүĩֻɨβҾӹ
֪˵¹ٲ֪үˡ
˵΢У֪߲ңڸ߶ţöл˵д
Ц˵ˣϰ
μϰڳ֮
λ񡣡
˵ү
ةλϣϯ
ة褰ǰľƻ˲裬ӷŵةǰ
Ĭuƣ͵͵λϵˡ
ϳŻݡǹ֮ӣֻ֪Ķӡ
ҪֻҪӪõһտλϡ
ة褵ĿⲻɫɨĬuĥǾ뿪ǵȰǼҩ̵顣
գة褸ùţˡ
ٲͨڽֵһլʧٵĲͨ͵Ȼͳȥ͵˳ɽĵض
ûǱضۿʦȥˡ
ة褲ŵĿŰ᲻ʲô᣿ߣǿˡ
ٷˣӦûпʦ
סة褵֣էһų羴֮˱ż˵飬Ǹ
ة褿Ҳʦɳ캦֮£һ飬ӦңҪ¡
ͷ˳ëҲţġ
š
ͷҳ
ʵǱأ
صүĻк⣬˰ٲõĻ¸Ƿ˲Уд֤
׷顣
ǡ
ºةĿʦԶһ·Щ޲ޡʵҲһĴ֮д֡
鷨˵ˣжϣʦпԡ
ةⰵ˰΢΢̾ʦĸ˻£ֻ˵صĺã˽Աƭˡ
šȵıƶбĹ˭
ة룬˵ȥһ˹ɡ
ֳĿá
׼ʱĬuˡ
үҪȥ𣿲򵼣үúõڳתתϸķ顣
ة˵칫ӵȺˣ
ĬuЦŻأѾãˡ
ة˵칫ӣүȷʵҪȥߣϣ˸档
Ĭuҭ˵Ǳ㲻үʱˣүߡ
ȫһԲة褳Դס
뿪Ĭuҧһ޺޵ҾͲˣ˵үһֱ
ʵϣة褾ͱ˱죬ղΪʲôһ仰˵
Ӱصü޷νӣһ˿˼
ةһķǵ˵ΪͶͱڣսҪһȻ˾ǣΪүϸѡѡ֤ү⡣
ԴϿҧòŷŹ
ϱԴȤԽ˵Խˡ˵ЩҲĻͲ򵥵ĳͷˡ
ةϳʹ˻һίĿߣۣ۸ҡ
ɲǼ䣬ˣԼô촽ҧƤˣҲãͲˡ
˴඼檵ģ֮ο㻹Ǹүءة褼ļϱĵϡ
⣬ǻûĹҪԡĬuة褸û
Ҫһ˷μǣ
ţ
ҵĲ檡ͨ㲻һ˰ݶɫ
ԣةһЦ˳
ЦˣҳԴˣة褵Դְķ͸Ūˡ
ةľŪҵͷԼá
á
ͣ·ߣСŪͷ
ة褿˿õͷһ䣺ϴúãүٽ
ָ˴Ķͷȴݵ˵Ҳֻ۸ˡ
ة̧һ˫ˮʣү۸𣿡
һˮУһһĶͷá
ǵִʱպʱ䡣
ʦ˵λʩּˡʩ뵽Щի
Ц˵իˣãǾͲˣŵʦʦ¡
ӷʩзԵ
ʦʳԣҲ˵ʲôĬĬĺةһիעɫ仯
իСɳ˲ˮ
˵ˣҳȥߣŴʦĻ
ة褵ͷ˵㲻Ҫ̫Զ
ģԶߡ
Գȥʦة褺ӣ˵طֻʩȤ
ةЦһ̹ȻӲ˵鷨ӦǻСôʦЦˡ
ӷԭˡ
ة褺ʦϴδ鷨̽ȥ
ʦһϯʤʮ顣
ʩޡʩʴϻۣʱ鷨ϵܳġ
ʦǫˡʦ𷨣ˣҵȾ
ӷ޳һнԿࡣңΪ֡
ʦлһԡ࣬࣬
ʩл۸
ةǳǳЦЦΪʦԼ˲裬ʵʦ˼ˣ
ʦ˶٣˵ҡ
ʦס֣Ϊλ뿪£ֻҵ
ʩ뿪Ϊʦһ£˽һγԵ
ة褲סȵĿʦĪǴʦǰĳԵ¡
ʦɫ糣һţ˵룬ģʳڵ
ة褼ɲһüͷʦԺ⣿
ѭ廹ϵˡ
ʦ뾡ֱԡ
лʩӷա
ʱˣƺ˯κģȥ˯˸
ة褶ʦ˵߶ŴʦʱǸˡ
ʩߡ
뿪ةһʣûв鵽ʲô
ĺв̫Ծиһֱʦ⣬۲׹⡣
ĪǴʦǱвˣة褼
δأҲпΪ˼ǡ
ôأةй̱̽ʦƺҵĿģҲ˵һЩǶǵĻһִ֪ǵݣҲ֪ڲʲô
˵δǴ̽ɽضǰ͵ģҲұۡ
šʵةٲòʧһ¼Ѿ֤ʵ͹йˣȱǻûвЩǣС




20     

ɽضκԥֱɳѹĺȫץˡȻٲҲ⡣
ǸضŻĹƳ棬ʮĥò֮ˡ
ة褼
Ű£ɫƽ͡
ӷүּˡ
ʦ֪˰ɡ
үʮ㣬Բͨ͡
ʦ˰
ǡӦһ˰ӷŵߡ
ʦأ
лү˶ַɣ·Ѷƽһ˵𷨡
ʦ¸أԶڹɽض֮£֪ʦкҪ˵ģ
޻˵
ʦˣ
Ҳ˭
ʦ淸ء
ة褵ĵĿһĵ
ʦһţɫƽ·Ѿµ׼
˵ضﹲȳʮˣһߡʦǷˣȱΪ֪зӾǣ
ӷ𡣡һΣϵıˡ
Ŀ˵ѵʦҪĿ𣿡
۾͸¶һ˿ʹࡣ
ʵʦǷԵĿԣ
򲻻ش
˵ʦ鷨ʢ޴ʦ鷨ʵνˣŴʦǵĴСˡ
үҷԸеһ޹ء
ŶüʦеǺˣ
Ǳٸץˡ
ʦһǲɡ永ԱһɵͰ졣
һţֱ۾
µʮܷʦϸá
䣬Ѻ˼ᡣ
üģةߵΪ
ةʣ𣿡
˾ˡס֣ǣ뿪á
ϣҴҵүηжˡ
𾪹εҲգⰸ˿Űɡֻһ£ټĴ򣬾뷨κЩȵˡ
ǣ¹ȥ졣
ǣҹ֪ã׷ҡͷ뿪
ϰٲú͹永֮һɶ̡
һòªη·ϸ˹ٸʾηҩɹĽЩϵĹƶ
ηǮ뿪ϣǰһ
ïһӺסηе·һլ
ηп֪ˣһš
򣿡
̾ˣ㲻°ˡ
Ϊʲôû
Ϊ
ʿլŰΧ
ıǵһЦүˣ¹پͲܷ뿪ˡ
Ŀµ־ܣῼһȫʬ
Ըפ¿ү
ʿһ
ǣ֣
؏ѵܵĲϣм˵㣬ү¶֣
ˣأ
؏ܿͻˡ˶Ѻߣ
ʿѺ˳ȥ؏ʾүôүʾ¡
ϱܿ͢ͻղˡפͳְݴʽ飬ܿҲ´ȻةѺ󣬱
ǣлүΡ
ͷװηеϣ˵ʦ˴νʵ͢Դʦᷢ䡣
˫ֺʮӷ𡣷ԵĴ󣬸ߡ
˵ʲôֻ˵һɻδ⿪ʦʵ֪ΪҪΪŰ
ĳǰȢŮ˱ĵŮؼ˹ѰҽΪΣǰһ置ҽ˵ͨƳ˻ȥ˱ˡҽʧ٣ȴǡ˵أоƳβ֮
ϳʹĻɫʵֻʹˣѾ
ѹһֱˡ̾ʦվǸˡ
һţûзϡ
ة褰ᵽݣĬu׷˹ס
Ĭu⿪´ֻҪүĹҸԸ̷ү֡
칫²ǲ֪£ة褹ʱպһ䣬òţѧоˣᡣᱻ̣͢ղ
Ĭu˫ᣬ޵滨ꡣֻҪүΪҸ˵仰ղŹġ
ة褵һۣʾԼ
ةĬu˵칫ˣֻǸûʵȨɢ͢С񶼲Ͳˡο֪˰Υ֮¡
ֻ
ЩˣҲˡ칫ӻɡ
ǿͿͺة褱˱죬˵Ѿף齻ղУ̰ɡ
á΢΢ȥмһ
ة褲ĵק䣬˵Ǹ׵ľɲҲˡԼסջ·ܻ¸ǿȶС
üۣ˵֪㲻Ҫġ
ôﶼѺš
š
æţʶȤ롣
˽ȥڼ⡣
ڲϯϣ̧ͷһۣͷү󣬲ֵط
ϯض档ѸٵĽʳľƲ˰ϣȻڼ⡣
ս뿪ϣԱƣС
һ˲Ȼ˵ƣĳүʧˡ˾Ȫ£
Ĭ˻̶̾ҵߵ磬飬Ҵ඼Ǵӱ˿е֪ģûսϵ硣
ٿضסԥ˺һѹ˵үΡ
˵ʲô۾ŵĿҵսɳ𣿡
սɳԴ־ᡣǣǴεоϮǰͺѾ֪ԼҪɥȪƵġЩ꣬һֱԴ˹ڻ
Ұѻ˵Ϣ͵Ҫɱһ
Լһƣ˵ΪֹۻΣҡȻҾ֮УҲͻΧһΣҾռƣȴ·ԤϵԼڣͺȥһ
ŽɣɻǵõʱǷ
ʱԶѼǲˣֻʱķһֱӡ
ͻȻ£үɻһֱĵףûжκûе̰ͼݣ
ҼڲԵģضһˡ飬Ҳ鲻ȥ
ףҲ顣
Ҳףû˶
ȷʵˣıϸİա
ʡ
뿪Ρ
˿ĿøӼᶨ
ȻǴԽģԭļԺЩʱ䣬·һЩԶĪĸͬܡ
Ȼ׵ɣ뷨Ӳ
游׳ľʦ͸ǣһȥҳ
صʱةѾָ˰ϸʰ׵
ةķĨסֺ֣֧Ͱο
ıԴľѣЩ˵ҵΡ
ةסĻر




21  Ѱ   ѰҸ׾ɲ

뿪ϸվɴةһ·ɽˮȥƺûܵӰ졣
ة褰ң
Ȼصúܺãة褻ˡ
ǣҹסջةԴӣ˵ûͲˣȥҳսࡣ
Ŀ۾￴ԼǸڲر벻Լ
ة˵۽ΣǶһԡ
ʲôҲû˵ϡ
ةӭο·˵Զߡ
峿ʱة褻ڳ˯
ûгة褡
ڰ·£Сϵһھ֡
ھֵı־һöС
ǰʮȥѷչ׳һֱݷš
ʾƣţȸݡ
ͷ١蹧Ľ뵽á
ߵλǰ£ֱࡣ
١Щ㱣·ʱݡ
ߵд񣺡١μү
١ͷ𡣡
ʮˣû뵽ܼү١пӵجʱҵȽǲš
١ͷ·˵أھ֣æһ¡
үԸ
ϵˣȫҳҵʱ䡣
ǡ
١ԥһ˲̶ʵ¶ү֪үѰӵкԵʣ
ްβŵ־̳иҵõǡ
١΢΢һ㶣үԶ־
߳ھֺ˵үµҲҳαЩˣ
ʮ꣬ҵǰЩеĳפеж׹еѾǣܸҳЩˡ
ǣֵΪáڲεأ޳ǡ
иҪ飬Ҫȥ졣
ջةʶߣֱģգ۾ѹ
ةСĻһ
ľ÷ţ˵ٷˣҺͲܷ
ة褱ߴ±˵
ľϲˮź

үһ˳ȥˣ˵аš
ة΢ѵү飬֮£Ҫؿƿöй¶֡
ľϺͲӦǣڵһǿʱ֪ĴˣϾЩֱվǰǡ
ةܸˣαΪĻҪ࣬ݼڵ֮ˡ
ٷˣһЩţǵ¥´ȥԣ
˽ɡ
ǡ
ةź󣬱һ߿飬һߵ
ͻȻ¥·ܴ
ȥ淢ʲô
ǡ
ľӦȥһͻٷˣ¥˵룬ƹǮ
ة΢΢һüͷ顣
ȻִԽԽټҴҵĹٷˣŲŲˮ·¥¹ʱײˡ
ةһ㶣æѯʣû̵ϲأϽȥ򡣡
ֱһЩԼҩСѾæȥˡ
⿴ة¥æһЦݣٷˣҲСû˺ò裬ȫˡ
ةüͷ˵زأ
أѾҩˡ΢Цٷ˲Ϊҵġ
ˣЦͲҪЦة𣬰Լûһʼ͹һ¡
ײǺƹִһˣƷˡ
˼Цһ˵С˵òأүĸ첲ˣ⳥ҽҩѡʵϣ˼βˮϣƤûб̺졣
ة褺оƤЦˡ
ƹĶǼ˵ҸǮǲҪˡ
µ˲ģµǮ˵Ҳ⣡
ة褺ǺЦˣǾͱٰɣùٸС
ʱǼ˹Ц
ƹĶة˵͹٣ͷǱŲͷݣûá
ة͵Цһ٣óȥ뱾
ǡ
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22     ݰн

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Ԫһ̾Ƥ




23     巰

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ɤӣةקػ³ǲӦ÷ӣ
³߲ΪЦ˵ǰԺȣܲƼ

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24     ˸£ºһ

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´޿ָ֮ʹ˵˵ľ巰, Ԫ³̸󲻻ɢ
ةһĥЩ飬г˿롣
ǲѷ֣ݽ˺巰ϵ巰ƺ¡󷽷ĳڽ, ǰ
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, ة褵ˡ
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ľϺͲˮͽةϴ˴Ϣ
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΢΢ĵһͷŽȥŵߵ˴ǰ
ڴأة褵˯ճ
巰˵ʱʱߵָة褳úСʱŻȥķޡ
˵ڵة褸ˣة褡
ǳµģ鷳ȴϡ
Ҳƣةߣ۾Ϣ
ĪĴԽ磬˶ߣ̬
˯ǰԺ룺֪᲻һͻȻصִһжֻĻһΡǣûة褣ô죿
һ˯úܳܳʱǵڶʱĩ̡
ة褴룬ڴ߾Ŀ顣
۾ϱµĲһ˲ͱˡ
ة褡
ˣة褰Աߵױ̨ϣ۵Ĵսǲ̫ˣ
һĴǣԲ㵣ˡ
ة˿͸Ц⣬ֱ˱죬˵ϴ
ǣϱ
ϴة褾ԱֱĿš
ϱȵĿ⣬ṴһǣԼÿһչʾ˿ۿȸ
ة΢΢ϴЩˣͻȻ˵Ҫ˵
΢æҡ
ľϴϷţһ⡣
ة褵ֶֻְС֣ϸ˵Ҫ˵ʲô
ة褶һ٣˵ڸ巰˵ʱ鵽顣
ԣסˡ
ة褽鸴һ飬˵߹۲ı仯
Ҳʱע顣
йϣ巰Ӧûж˵ѡ
ţȻ㽻ˣ
ûжϴĻӦΪ֮±ЩŤͬʱҲЩϻԼΪ巰̹״ӿɶᷳúܡ
أ
ǱߣǻؾԺҵȥǣ巰ƺֻ֪ݵĻ󶫼ҡ
𣿡
Űɣдʵ
ة˫ֹĲӣдۣĿǰֻǺǽӴѰҸ׵ľɲ㱻֪ˣҲܽ͡ô˵ЩҪԼ̫ѹ
ţ¶Ц⣬ס
磬³ǱһϢ
һҵء
ǣة褼ǰݡ
·ʱҹɫ뿪ջȥҼС
ҵ֪ݺ󣬴һ󼤶ÿڷĿ࣬˵үˡ
һ˲
˵һͻȻ˫ϥǰۿͨ졣үԩ
֪ģ˵ƽѾԤϵ˵öԣΡ
ж
˵ľȲѣû¶
Ҽ类ػСˣʵж˿гֳϸ΢Өɫһϴ˵еĶҩڱϣҲл׵ģ˿ж
Էʵ˵𣿡
Ҹ߾ʦˡʦǰؼңүңһӶ˵
ʦˣ
ʦȣʦ˳ᢣԽҲǼΪģľˡ
֪ʦڲҾʦ䣬˾˼һƫƫˣñˡ
˾ʦĻδʦسʱ򣬾뿪ˣԲ֪ʦȥҼǵãʦɽˡ
ͷлл߱ЩҲллǹȸôꡣ
ʱӯүΪԩѩޣҲүԼ
뿪Ҽкͷǳҹգ૵ֻһ
óӴ˿̵鼫ֲ֪ΰοСѵүٷ˻ڿջ
ӿŲص˿ջ
ߵǰ¡ة
û˯ţ
ڵ㡣ûߣϰߡ
ĵһƬת˸ʼϸϸܵةһӦš
գӶˡ
ةſʵҹҵǸ˵ʲô𣿡
˵ҵж
һôжˣ
ҲˣҲˡе£˿˿
ةͷ°ʹһ£ġ
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ţҵôˣһʱ̡ҰοͬʱҲة褲ҪΪ̫ġ
ʱص
巰ⶼʲôʱˣô𴲣
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巰ͻȻľϣһЦ˵ǰôû֣ة褻иôµСˡ
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ľϺͲ⼱æźŲæϵ
巰Ϊ治Ҷ㡣
£˷š
巰㶵վԭأðβŻعһԲĻԼĿͷ
ة褱ˡ
쵽ʱͻȻһ
ŻˣŻˣΧİǼҴҵȥæȻ
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أɫ԰ף̶ޱߵķŭ
ةʶץһֻǵĿ
ƽ𣬵Ѿ
ãŵ߰ɡ
ǣǰһطة褽ıİο
Ǻ巰һüͷԸȥ鿴ʲô˼ҡȻȵ뿪
ִݺ巰ةߣʱʱĳǰ
ةֻ棬巰ﲻɻ
巰ֿܵĸةιʳʱµǰ
뿪ʱл˼ŴǸڼеҵ
û뵽ӻлܸңһȥǸ˵¡˵һ۶ûιة褳Զ
ة۾Ͷιеһֻè
巰·һȭ޻ϣ쿴ǰ޼䣬תˡ
ֹĪˡ
ةЦ˵Ҳˡ
û棬ȴΪ˱˻ɣòװܺõӣǸƣ
ҹ׷İɱ֮³ߵ¡
һҹû˯ĥãдһ˸³͹ȥ
֮ݵ³߹
ݳƽӱߣҲʧ¡
ֻһ˴Ӻ߽Ժںŵĳһӡ
²μүү³û񣬱˵衣
Σյ۾˿ޱģֹСޡ
³治ɫķȲ裬˵֪үкܶɻѱѽү
дͣ
үûܱҶԽˡ
ĵҪɱľɲ
³߶豭ССһڣ˵ж֮£٣ڶֻܱ֪ˣܱܡ
űӵֻԹԼ̫ʱû취
үߣмɸ֮ʡΪ̫ƣŻᱻ˺Ψһĺӣܲĺ󳾡
һ壬ԶԱָֻšЩԳ£ʵʲûΪ
³һ˲̶ЦԽЦԽЦᶼˡ
ɫԽԽڣʢŭٱ
Խˡ³Ĩȥ۽ǵļ飬Ц⡣
ȸͲҪš
³Ц²С
Ŀڿн㣬˲·˻𻨣һҼȼյĴ
΢΢Ƭ̣Ż˵壬ҵĳԼᱨ
ү뷨ܺá³߹Цĳ𣬾ӦүֻЭ
ڸҵϣϣ˭ҲҪ棬ҪŻҵļƻ
үкμƻ
֪ʱԻ֪
³߼ɲüͷƺ˼ĿŶȣмƻԴΪԼ֡
¶үһ¡
˵
үļƻŻҪȶòΪѩޡ
ꡣ
ΪλҪꣿ
ҹƣطʱձȨĻᡣҵڴʱջҪСҼᶨ߷ּ١
³߽Ķûпɣ˼֡ôѾˣںٶꡣ
ǣֱͷɫ䡣ӱʮ겻
³˼Ƭ̣˵ү¿Ա֤ڲԳ֣үǲ
ˣá˿Ȱסˡ
³߲ǣүΪǾˡ¼Լİ취ˡ
˶٣˵á
˶Դ´һ³ǳǳЦ˵һүǣڿҶˡ
ɵüŶô˵ȷʵţ
ҶԽĲ󣬱үǣԪδˡ
˻⣿
ԪƹǮжֵܵ˰ջ󣿺ǣүصģ˶ءһΪʵʱߵСˣתҷߵ棬ȥЦúõȡЦһ
ԣһʱ޻˵
³˵үǲǻ֪飿
֪ʲô
һһķ裬ǵıֻڻᷴģֻڻ˰׮үƽѣʱүһ֮
ͷȴһ¡
³߼ɫأһЦֵӷŻѾ֮ǰһ檵øɵˡ
òˣǵΪĻҪǿ
лү佱³ЦЦʮֳ졣
ٶӺ뿪齵Ŀջ
ڶ죬ةʱ巰ֹˣǵĿѰζ
ҹڻ¥һ˸üΪƣǡҵҹʱԴϻԼЩ֬ζ
ûӺθɣ
ҹؿջʱ˸٣˼֣ȷо¥¥ſڵĹﻹһѡһؿջͻѣеĸة褡
ة㲻Ǹ仨¥˸кιϵ𣿡
Ҽүû˵޹ء
巰ЦݽϣǺ˺ü˵һշֿ㣬˸Ӹš
Ĳŭˣ֡
ԭѾΪݾɲ겻ѣ巰ǽţû̡
ة褵ĳһֻϺȣȻ˿ͷԸľϵ˴װ׼̡
ڴܵˣʵ⣬巰ٴ䡣
һڣְؿڣŭôרؿڴҪи̣Ҳ
Цǰͷ͹ܲˡ
巰һѪŭɶĿ
Ц÷ŭ˵˭巰¶
ʱ巰ȥĴˣǽݿˣ˿ͷ
ةϿĻҳ˵巰Щ񲣬ǲ㲻ҪΪԼô
ϱô巰һЦ˵˵öԣӲѣŰҲŲΪԼҳЩѹ˲ٸպý˷йһ¡
ةεҡͷʧЦ˵ѾľʰˣʱԳ
ͷ巰ڿˣǸϽߣʡֱϡ
ةЦЦǼӡһӾͻ֪ˡ

һ·ֱӻؾҪܸƲ⣬ҲûطˡԼѶջˣܼһֱ治ȥһˣ
Ըˡ˭һֱһԼϱ߲ߣ
ʵةԤϵһ巰һ˸ոѾ뿪ջϢ΢΢˻˵ˣҳˣ׼ȥ
ǡ
װѺ𣿡
ӣװѺˣš
巰˿ǲƵ롣
Щ٣Ȼܿϧʮ»ةЩһһЦ;ʳ
ԺŻˣڵ𣿡
ǵģܼÿʺ
á巰Σյ۾·Ѫһ㡣




25  ؾ   С뾩ʱ

ة뾩, صǸۡһæ鷿£һæںԺİ, ׼׸̫͸ӡ
鷿ֻһˡ
ĴʼչһĨЦݣϸϸʱ顣
̫ĸκ̫һλҽϳ̫жһ飬¶̫֮ӵһ檡
̫Լĸ, ̫檣ٽϽֵ˳ϲ鵽ϡ
Щ, ̫Ϊõ鱳̫ѹҳõԭ޺ֵܶµĶ֣һڻʵۺ̫ǰʹߣһڳ϶ӵ׷ʹ
侮ʯ, СӲԭ򣬲ԭ򣬲Ƿ, Եӵͷϡ
, ʵּӱΪ, ȥػˡ
Խ˵Խ𾢣Ǿû
ɵҲЩֻ, ʵһأ
ٺЦ֪ˡ
ﷸ۾ּ룬⡣
Ѿˣ
ֱͷ, ѾһˣǱˡ
ǣ˵űܡ
ү˵ǡû˵ѺĹٲƱһ·úչ
Цݣһ٣˵ү³¼Ͻ尡
һ˲̶͵һЦǸŮ˻Ǳ˵ˣôôϲĵܵܣ
Ͻ²ϽİܣϺĶ塣
ү²ӵˣʧϼʸϹ᲻ڱƻʲô
˼Ƭ̣˵ǱҲͰˣ²Ĳɡ
˿̣ͦûڵģ뾩ǰǻӦ޾ϸĴŻ㱨顣
ɴϲ֮ս⡭
ȫѼ²֤˵ȫس
˵ǲ˳ۣô²һ
绪ǻʵ۵ӣϣ²һ𣬵гһϼҳΪԼ谭
ǡ
˵µڨЦһ˵үոջؾʵҲϢġ
ǳǳЦ˵޷御˵Щ£䡣
صԺʱةжЩҪ׽ģЩҪ͸ļҵģȫֿźˡ
һۣɵĿϱͻܵ
ջôϢЩԸȥˡةһϡ
㲻Ҳһة褰ͷϣŴŴ˵ҰãҲϣ԰ﵽ
ĸж°͸˲䣬繡ة褣лл㡣
ة𴽽ǣߺ˵˭Ƿء
Цһ齣ˡ
գʵڻʺӴ⹬ټӡ
ʵ˵棬һȥ£֪𱸵Ļŭ⣬д׽
֪ˡ
ϴͦ졣
ʺЦ˵Ǿ뽭ôԶ·Ͼܵ๤ȥ棬ֲŸ·϶ʱ䡣
ͯĪҪ˵û
ʺܲʵ۵˼ƫԶʱ̫
ϣˡֱԣ͵з
ʵ΢΢˻˵ʺ֮ԭдʼ
ʺڴЦ˵򼫺ãھӪ±ѵ֮Ǳ˾ǸʵȥԸų´ٶ
ʵۼɲһüͷ˵һ̿ʼްѽˡ
һ˲æּл
ʺϵЦ˲̣Ǹʹ;ǵľӣͳ춼ǻʵ۵ĸʵۻֱӰѽıȨû뵽ġ
ة褴Ӵ⹬򰲺󣬱ǰٹ
һ£̫ȥƺࡣ
¶ۣ̫׽ˡ
ǵĶ̫Ц˵̫󣬳ϱˡ
Ұ˰ɣ֪̫һȴǲƵš
ھأܲǻҪ̫Т
̫бһۣة֣ðҿةûݡ
ةǰ̫󣬳ˡ
ݵĺܣ
ةЦ˵̫󣬳үһ·ŵȤ°ɡ
á̫õЦ
ة˵ɫĽţֱ̫ԡ
ĿתĶԽԽա
ȵ뿪ʹʱʽѾ´𾪡
ûмȥΣǼԭƻةһͳ
޷˺ةںԺ˵强ǰԺ鷿Ҫע
Ϊϸ˵ŵµľƣӶ·صӲ˳ԭĽͳλٱӵˣûз£ʵѰ˸ԵɽΪͳ졣շĵĵһϰˣҲ׶ˡ
ͷһ˰ĵϸ׳졣
͵Цû
̶ѵүνͳ죬ǻ¡ƵҲδزǶүĲԡڴϣүһ˿˽ģһеԻϺͳ͢Ϊأ˲ߵøԶ
ˣлָ㡣
΢΢ͷǷĵġ
ͬʱة褶޷˱ϲǣ˵һ·ɽˮĿ¡
޷Ҳϸة˵绪飬˵ǹļ޲ϡ棬²á
ĸΪ˵
²ûʲô߰H´
ةûԼĿ˵ǵĸ׵ģ΢Ц˵ĸױģ˭Ӱ첻ҡ
ҲǣҲˡ޷̾
ةЦЦת⣺ĸףôһֱûССܣ
޷ûͽԺˡ
ة΢΢һ㶣ʵǰԺ
޷Ȼر͵ôԶԺȥ飬ʵҲ֪Ժĺá
ة褸޷ĸ׾ͱˡ꣬ȥԺء
޷ûסЦ⣬Ц˳
ة褴Ű˳˷׷׹ְͳ졣
ȵӻصʱɫѰ
Ȼʱﻹһλ֮͡
ժ¶ñة˸
ة΢΢ۣԸ̴ϲ裬˵⡣
ۿ΢ʪĻһүة褿Լġ
үһ¡
˵ƹ˵˵δܰϹӵæ
̧һˮһ䣬ԭڵȴǵһʱƫͷԼϱϱۡ
ס
үиѱԩ̤ֱѺڴУүæֹ
һйԼľѾشı䣬һµľ黹ˡ
νκӶҲ̫ߵһŶӡ
ԭĻӵ˵̫ӺκĻӱƵñӣߵϺȡĻһӣҷŹ
ڣ򱻲ΪӰ£̫Ӱͽ˴Ρ
ʵƹ˵˭Ҳȥ˽һ
΢΢򴽣˵κĹӣ򡣡
˵ϵھǳӵܡƹӣôˣ
ֻЩĳȴǲġ⻰˵ԼţӦϺ˵顣
ƹӿ˺׼Ҳ˴¡
ԣʧ
ȴ˵ձȥƹӿͬС
⡭Ŀκ˿ҡǾ鷳үˣһҾԪڴȺ򡣡
˵ɫͲƹӶˣƹߡ
ǡ
Ժةʾ£ΣյĿ
ΪʲôҪ
ˣ֮ͣܰͰһ¡

˵ʮֿ϶
첻ܻ˭ҶôңʵҲ̸ϰæԩˣԻˡӦãǾ͸ܷ
ة褺˺ߣûôָ˵ǺүǴѩˣΪѣ
ϱŤӣһûסһЦ˳
Цʲôة褵
ة褣û뵽㻹һ档
ҾСˡة˹ȥ
ץסȭͷһڣ˵ϲСۡ
ةŬŬ죬˫ļ磬ԭˡ
ƱҰá




26  ְ   ̹

ĽΪӪ, Ӫפڻʹÿ൹ʹӪפڳ⣬פһ
Ӫ, ͳλԽӭ
үֵصλУξƷĴС춼Ӫйүݡ
áɫĴҹѽϳϣҲһ˿๵ĵط
Ϊսͳ, µ˻ٶЩӪĽʹҳڻҺͳ͢Ҳǰ󹬵Ķթ, ˶ų⡣
ӪתһȦȫѵ껰󣬱ȥӪ
ʱӪʿУ
󽫾˳, Դ˵˵үϰ䣬ھӪѵʱҲǶռͷ, ĩүֽ̼С
ðӦúˬ졣
ʿΧһԲ, ȸԾĹۿ󽫾ͳ, ź
󽫾ĹڽһѸ, ʮ㡣ֱֻһֻ־ɻ󽫾ʽ
ʮغϺΪ󽫾Ŵ¶ƣһߣٴء
󽫾ȭĩ䡣
˲ѻȸ, ׶뾪ϲ
˵ңȲ󽫾ʵʵĹ򡣡
Ȼ˵䣬һȦλԣ
ǰĩүֽһ
롣ֱ˸ơ
󽫾ͬʽʵ
ֶˡ
Ц˵ĩ䡣
ˡϵЦʵЩֵϲá
ϵĽʿǻףͳóϷ
ӵõоʣһһ˻㱨
ﰵĽҹĽ϶һ

뿪Ӫûֱӻȥһ˹ϼҡ
Ͽף˺һš
үһܾܿʡ
壬յΪͳˡ
˵á΢΢߳ˮ⡣
ԥһСᣬվ˵ǰǲ뿪˾ǣȥ
ϾȵĿһر飬β̾˿˵ȷʵ뿪˾ǣȥһ˻
ʱĿ⾪ȡŭ⡣
ȥΪȡһ˵䣬ϱ߽ңһϾɵľϻӳݸⶫӦܡ
ϻӣһƽۡ
ϵⶫ
˵ǵʱͻӴܵ𣿡
ǵá
Ǵܺ󣬻ҽҪ˵Ҳһܡƽۣʱˤģȥǽģ壬û⡣ϻڽһξϯ϶˵ǰһ
˱ߵƽۣҵû𣿡
ԣߵĿõүô˵Ǻεݣͷǣ
Ҿʡػ䱸ɭϣôȡصģ
϶Ŀòŵ
ʲôˣи²⡣
϶˵ɡ
һҵӱ˴ƿһס
³ǳЦӯӯ˸񣬡μүϲүΪͳ죬ԼĿһ
б³һۣ̬ȣүЩ
˳ʵʲôϵ
ϻصҵܵܣнæҲҵ
³Ц˵ûһҸպڳ
˵㣬ŭɢࡣȻϿ³Щƫ뷨Ҳòˣ³ƺֻ̫ˡ
ҽֱӴӾӪģЯǰݷá
ɻ㼱Żظϱˡ

ʱةǰԺƫ
ѯʶİʱԪһֱ粽ĸš
򲻽̤ָʹ´ˡƽĶУȫ˳
ۿģģر׼˵ı
ة˵ƹӣҼүǲڴ˽ʱҲڳ֤ȷ䣬Ҽүǰﲻǡ
ͷĨһ۾˵֪΢Ҳ֪һ֡Ӧ˰æȳӣһҪ
ƹӸ壬취ɡ
үǻ׹ݣʥ¡ֻҪүϰæ¾ͳˡ
ةϸ۾ֻúܺЦƹӴӦˣҼүûСҼүֻ˵ջȥ
ɫЩ԰ף΢΢β˵үӦʡ
ة褺ǵһЦƹȾ͵Ȱɡ
ˡ
ة褻صҺôһ١
ľϵһݸȰαظǵ˼ƽϡ
үֻǡɺɸ
ة̾˿˵Ҳǵĳᱻ˹ȥֱǺ
ɺ飺ǸǸСģβɴϳȥأ
ة΢΢һ˲̾ųȥɡ
ȻԽ֮⣬֪һ㣬벻ͨģҲġ
ֹ˻ǰԺľʹ˸СѾ߹үظˣƫ
ة˵һ֪ˡԺ
˵ľſ￩һ£ֻ
үڻˡۿͨ죬۾һƬˮɷۡ
ƹӣѾ˵ˡ򲻽̤ϻ֤ȷ䣬ºܿͻоɫﲻ㣬ͬʱҲϣƹǷǡ
ǰһ˵үҪ˾飿û˿⡣ʶһ죬￴˾޺ͰĽ
䣬˵빫ʶ٣ʱй⣿ƹأպĪҪɸ
˵գŵĿ£Ϳͣ
еĵľæСŻԺǰȰѸղŵة褡
ĿݣΪԾ
ǣ˾飬ʶԼԲסϺĿǹԺҪؼұࡣ
Ȼһеǰǣûϱ졣
߽ԺЦźة褣һˡ
ة𴽽ǣľﻹơ
ǰףĵεһ죬𣿽ЩˣԼģ
ͻȻة褵ͫ͵һôнӡ˭𣿡
ԱһӣЦ˵УλȻһǶ򲻹ҡ
͵ġة˿бһۡ
ة褣Ժ󲻻ˡƤͲҪš
ة褺˺ߣû˵
ʱľ϶Ųˮͽ˵⡣
裬һةǰһ˴
˵ϺĻ֮Ȩ󡣶ǰ֮ûֱӺϵΪ뷴̽Ϻ顣
ܶ˵ʵʵԡ
ǣڻʵ飬ةϲԭԶԼԼȡԭ
ة褾ȵĿֻͬǸ糾ĸôһҲã
ǣ˵ģ
Ʊ硣
ھȥǸô˳һ˵
ҪϸŸϺͰѱھֱӸ̯ƣةĹĵģû
ִգһȥ
Ͱ͵Ŀߣة褣ҡ
ة죬׵ʣ㻹ûҵˣ
糾ǰ㲻㣿
ԣةƮƮƳһۣ˵Щ飬ԭͲùʡ
游ʮǰ̰۱չŵĳةࡣ
ةĿɿڴŵģ
ͷģؼҵ;ֻ




27  ԩ   ²ʱ

, һТ֮˷ŹľŽǣǰһŵϸˡ
Ǿֱ̲⣬ԩġ
ϸǰ, һʥּ˵ȵ۴ͷƷˣǰԩ
Ǵһһæ
·İҲˣʱѰպԩ, ȴѵüһعټ֮ԩв֪˭һ䡰Ʒ˻ĺԩˡΧ۵İԽԽࡣ
̲Գǵ˵
ϷȴǼֵһСӲݸԩ, ʰ
ƳТȺˣ۵ĹľƤ˲ͣ
ΪϷ˵ӣ˰
ԩǶʮǰ˵Ĺϧļ, ľǺϧĺǡ
Ϸ˳״ֽһһٵ˵ˣ״²Ͻڶʮǰıȷ򡣡
ʱ, Ƥø, Ϸ˵
ʮǰ, Ͻްݷȷȷ, ΪΪ꽻ŮȻϽǱȥĵڶ죬ȷʧȥӰһ˿Ѱʮ, һɽѰȷĺǡϷ¡
ϷȷϺϴ˵ģΪ˵²ϴˣ
ǰЩӣиСȷѪ顣ɽҩʱзǴɽ˰׹ǣԼ׹ԵһƿǴƿǺҵӡǣȷװƽճԵҩЯѪǴƿȷּ
Ѫڣ
Ϸ˴ӻóѪ飬óӳϡ
鿴𾪲ѣѪ鲻ҷϽ֮£һдĶʮǰ²ӵʱ͵ˮ֡
Ϸ˼ʮǰⷢˮ˻ʼ԰֣ȵŭʱȷѾڼңľͬȷæ⡣û뵽Ǵˮ׾ϽĸסϽӽȷ򣬻ٵȷ֤ݣɱڡЩ飬ȷѪд
Ķͷ߳亹Χ۵İѾһƬȻ
еѵһ¾ľ˵˰ϵش󣬴ͬƬ̣ݺ󡣡
صúټ̲СԱ¡
ˣϷб²˽ºͽ⡣
ˣ¹֮ʥϡ

Աһһ䣬ҶΪӲˣҲΪƾ̲նϲ˰ġ
ǣҵ̲ϢԼʥȥˡ
ͬʱ²ӵ͵ϣ²ɱ֮ھѸٴ֪šϲ׼ӭȢ²ٴС

ʱλӸպö鷿νͳҲڡ
й󣬳ۣʵ˺״²֮¡
ʵ۵ɫڵÿ£ûǺۡ
̫˵ʣ²󡣡
Ӿ顣
ʵ۵Ŀ䵽ϣкο
治ɫĻصϣΪ̫Լǡ
ʵʣ֮ɺ飿
ػϵĻΪ̲˱ҲǶϰ񣬴˰漰ʮǰľɰ̲ʹ¹ͬ죬ɻʥá
ʵ΢΢˵Ͱ˵İ졣
˺Ѿ㱨Ҳˡ
·ϣס顣
ˣϻĹԱ֮꣬һ˵ĹҪԩգٹǶҪģ
鸽үȱٶҪ˰ˮʯ
ˡ
ڹſڵĿҴϹٽ뿪ת
ʱ㱨⽫Լг͸¶ǣʹʥʱǶڳ
ոսνͳһְʥ¡Ƕ££֮Ҳ׵
˼Ѳ𣿿ھǴһʶ˵ó
ϣҹ绪ļʱڶ˻ޡ

գһ˳츮ԩġ
ˣѰײŵ֪ԶһҶ²ˡ
ҵıˣ绨ͱŰôһŮŮֻعȴ⵽һٶҲȥˣֻһϢ
ŸθһְѧپһƬհס
״²һһϦ֮䴫÷зѧڳֵκй²İӣ۴Сܲݲݽ᰸ֻǻ
ͬһ죬ԸλʷƲͳ¹缫Ĭͬʱ²ռ̰ܻߣ׵
ʵ۵Ȼŭº̲ڲࡣ
̲սսνּʹ²

ϰʱڽӪ
β
ة˰ˣʼղȥľټһء
ۿǺţθǰβͬһ˼ֿ֮⡣
ƤǰүǰΪ²˵û
ة΢΢һ㶣˵ϴκүô²ˣ
ļʮԣȴǲںֻںϺ
ãүӵѡ
ةûԴ˲Ȥ
΢΢򴽣̶˵֪Ϊ绪Ҫ¼϶ү֮£ү²Щƫ
ȵȣةüƹӺιҼү
ðˣ֪ʵҶ˵ϰʥ¡²Ǻǻȫƾһ仰
ة褵üֱ飬ƹӣеĴҶ˭
Χ˵ʵ
ةܵƽľ˵Ҽүĸ׹ϵȫǶ֪ˣүҲΥ֮¡ƹΪһٵĴҹϵ飬ɼءȻ仰ƹӡ
˵ϴ
ΪҪɱ˶۾
ϵıЩӲٴةΪϼԣŽŲص뿪
Ңʱ򣬸պÿһüͷ
ة褵ĵһ仰ǣղǴѩΪ²İɣ
ة褸ʡô֪ͻȻǰ˺Ϻйϸ˵ģأ
Ң͵һЦεε˵˼侮ʯġ
ةһƤûбһۣú˵
ǣҢЦ⣬һ²Ц
Ϻʲô֪٣Դˣة褻Щ档
Ңʮֵ˵ϺҼҵƣ⣬ҡұίߣˣ档
ة褺գոջΪһ¡
ҢЦ˵ǸСģ֪ϺһȡȻҲǸˣԼʶ˲壬Թ˱ˡ
ة̾
Ңѵɲܶ˵үǰүȥѩСһңûضȥ
ة褺ûķ˸ۣ㻹ʲô˵
ҢЦû죬ǻΪǰŸ˵




28  ǹ   ǽ

, ڸةһͬùźȥ˽Ӫ
һӪĽʿѪ£ǸõĽӴҲǶһ, ²͡
Ȼһߣ绪ĵة褵һ
ТֵǰةӦǰٴ˹
绪, 㵭վһԡ
绪ƺЩ㲣ة褵Ըӣ˺һŻ˵ɡ
лة˲ߵϡ
̴ϲ, 豭ССһڣһƵᡣ
绪ˣյòУϽԼ, 
ڽæ𣿡
ةһ£˰ĲŻصعĻүڽ, Ҳ֪
绪Ƶ˵, ææ֪, ȻǲŮϸġ
ة褵ûҲػ
绪Լ, иջ
ʱ˽
£ŰĿø浾۵ȴһ̶ˮ, ϵĳʧˡ
ة褾ȵĿ޵Ĵһ۸֡
绪ةҲǷһ˳˵ɩ
ض񣬡ةʶ²̥ǣٲȻѳΪõĴҹ㡣겻ôΪϲɷá
лɩ佱
ة褶ͷ
˵ĸ׽ɩҪʹɩɣ֪Ůܷһһ
绪üĿЦ˵ŮȻԡ
ة褶豭ͷò˷ƮϲĲҶ۵׵
绪˵ة褣ھʱͬѾ룬Ҫ޸²Ͻ尡
ڼةףͷϡͦõĺشʣȴʮķ̡
绪䣬˿Ż˵²ʷ񲮸ѵͷֳųȥԺϸ˵˵²ڻǰԼ䡣
ҴӲү񡣿¾ү˵ˣүҲȥ
ʲôԺҪΪһ˵ģǼ£úõ˵
ԸةԵӡǣΣͲܿƵˡ
绪ڶЦ˵ãȥɣǵýվ͸˵
ǣة褸ˡ
绪ĵͷĿ뿪ʵϽûи飬ĵλˡ
ةʱһСѾ׷˹
ȵȣЩ˵
أ
ߵԺ͵СѾߵǼУȥ겻
һСᣬڴתǴ֡
ͣ½ŲС˵˼䣬һة褡
Ƿ˵ɩ㵥˵仰
ةľϵ˺СѾҲԶЩ
һ˫ˮĴ۾ة褣ſǻĿ󣺡ɩңҿ챻ʺָĥˡ
ة褶Ŀû̿
𣿿Сģ˵ȫǼٵġǣ֪ôǶԼõġ
λ̵ֽǻϵּ⣬ɻʺѡֻҪѧϰѧɣôλԻع
¶Ҫ޲޵ı飬ŴŴ˵ǰҲ£ɩ˲С˹ԭҡ
֪ܸģĪɡүãȻҲҵá
ɩҰɡ
ЩۿһһУȷʵиƣѧϰ֮Ժ㡣
ϾС˲͸⣬Ȼת˲ţǱة褲׽ˡ
ة褰̾˵飬Ҿȸˣ뿤
˵գ̴뿪˹
ة褵Сʮڡ
ղߺ뿤׺ݵĿߵķ򡣡
ȻˡڵѧʾˣͻСûвסղû׷˵ǷϾͬĸá

ϣӾӪ
ةһ߰׻һҳƵĵ˵ȥˡ
æѯʣû˵ʲôʲôõİɣ
ةЦ𡣡ûУ㲻ҪšǣŰҹȥġ
Լһ룬ʵΪ²ҵ飿
ǵģҪ޸϶үϣڻǰΪ²顣
ûأôΪδҷķЦ绪޸ʱ򣬿ûôΪĹ׷ӡ
ة˵꣬һһʮ˵
˵ǸܺӣһΡة褣ĸŮǡ
ةŴЦЦû˵벻á
΢΢˻˵Щ絽ھӪһڼңʵġ
ة褲üۣһôˣСʮߣʲôĵģ
㲻ҸǰҾǲģýס°͸ϡ
ҪةҲϣԼߣǲܵ˹¡
ͻȻգһ۾˵ة褣һȥӪɡ
ة΢ӪصأдҾȥģ
룬ŪӪͷΡ
ة褾ȵŤͷѵ㲻ҪСı˵
üͷȫķӡ
֪ة褱ûа·ˡƿ˴š
ͦǲͬ˵ôֵҳˣһԼȳԡ
ǰҺһ࣬ӡ
ǾͺãҪԼ˵ַ߰ŵĶϣģһҶԵ㡣
šة褴
ùźة׼ƽһ飬ŻϣЦ˵Ҵȥһط
ȥѽҪôصģةǣԼߡ
߾֪ˡصĲ۽üȫЦ⡣
ȵ˵طة褲ŷǾȻǵ˻ʹ⣬ʣôˣҪ𣿡
§ة褵ߵ˹ǽ£ʰϡ
صĽĬĬ£̨ڴ
ͷة褣ĿϸϸġĲߵ˶ֺÿ˼֡ҰãԸǡҹľǣҲһ¡
һǵһοةü˵
ָһƬƬ򣬡ǱǵƻģǸ˼Ҿ۾ӴǱ߼һƬģѰյסլǱߵƻͨģǽ
Ǳ߾ǻɡ¥ĵط
ةתͷƺ˱죬дŲˡ
ʳָһıͷʶ󣬾Ҳûȥ
ة褺ǹ⡣
˶繵֮䡣̧°ͣͷȥة˫ֹĲӣӭǡ
ǳҵƻ𣬲ɲᡣ
Ƭֿǣһ˿ةĿڴͷһǡ
ʮָۣʤȴǧ




29  ʧ   ʧԵԳ

ڻʵ۸, º̲ҹȥ޲鰸ڸϻأҴ֤ˡ
Էָ²ϽڶʮǰͺϧϴһͬɽϣҩС֤ʵֺǵɽɽĺϢͺϧ, ԱĹϧ鵵ѪּҲˡ
ȻϽҪٰ֤ǰº̲Ʊ硣
ͬʱľɵ, ҳ²޽ӵ̵ľϣЭ̲ҵ˵еʿ
ʵŭϼҵľλ, Ͻն
ټĲȻ
ػһϢŭ̱֮ڵϣֱųһɺݾԭƵĻ, Щ۷չ˲һʧΣɿԶɽ
˵غϧԩѩ˷Źľزޡ
·, һͻȻֹһ䣺Էǻ֮, ϳʮǰϽ , ǵõʱ顣
Ϸٿɫ࣬Ļ, ˭Ҳٺ˵֪˭ڰаǣϽĳ˾УΣҪġ

ٹة̫˵, ʱʱĶЦ
绪ЦС̫ࣺ˭̫˵
عϰ
ʱ绪ɫðβŵ߽ȥ̫밲
̫Цݣ绪ȻյҲʵ۰ѵôյһЦ˵ĸӵϬˡ
Ц
绪Ҳû
ǰһº͵Ц˵̫˵öԣĸ綼һĹ̫󡣡
̫οĵͷڵԽԽ⣬һ˵
ة褣ǿܻ֪ڵõĵ䷶̫۽üҶЦö˻ʵۻʺλҲ̵úá
̫ˣǰ¡ةǷʩһ񣬡ɩԭҹȥԡ
޵ûӦ
ة褼̫ϵЦסЦ˵ǰ칫ҹһѼˣҲˡҵʱ˵֪ܸĪɡɩɩģԼüƽϡ
ة˵öԡ̫Цŵͷة褵Ŀ˼ϲҪɩѧϰ
ǣɩ롣괹ס۵׵ĺ⡣
绪ͻȻڣɩȥ԰ߡó̫󵥶˵
̫˵԰ĺɻѾˣȥ
ة褴ĸˡ
ǰ沢ţһ
߽ͤӣæϹϹ㡣
裬˵˵ɩϲۣЩ̲Ҳǲģԭŵ˺ϣɩϲ
ة褶豭ֻɫ̣ɫɢŨĲ㡣ò衣
ǳǳЦ˵ɩϲͺá
ʱ֣ǰӵ˹߻ӵĸףΪܳ衣ة»лʱ֣Ƿڽǡ
Ӵ뿤أ˸á֣֦չ߽ͤ

ةҲվ˵Ȳţиˡ
վס֣סǡ
̲˵֣кηԸ
֣һ£ŭЦ˵˲£ʱ٣Զߡ
ة褻صּܲȸˡ
֣ҭһ£ûǰة褴Ҵ뿪
ͤ֣ҧгݣȻƳһ˿ꡣ
뿤ôһߣ
˵΢΢ǡ
Ŷ֣Ҳǣ˼Ĵ
ة褾ֱصٹ̫С
̫Ҫظˣأ
ة褻ص̫󣬸ղ԰֣˵
̫۵¶һ˿˵Уǹ򰲰ɣǵóҡ
ǣȸˡ
Ƿһߣָ̫Ķ绪˵ѧòλ
ĸԺ⣿绪⡣
㣬ֻɩ԰ȵ۵ĳǸֻɩһͬ뿪ǵȵ۵ĳ˵̫󲻴ʣζ
绪˼ԣ븸ʵûʲôû˵ģ϶ͻֻɩһߡ
̫ͷŮĿһΣ˼治֪Ǻǻ
ĸ󣿡
ظԺ󣬶Щ˼ڶŮϣƴӡ̫һ£Ҫ飬Т֮Ҫǰ˵Щõ顣
ǡ
ûа̺ãһһ̺
лĸ󡣡绪ﲻܹͬԼŮͦõģԽԽ֪ˡ
ҵأ
绪ģǾ仰һһǵͳĹϵԺ˵
ΪʲôѵĸҪѾӣ绪ӸղĸһֱȰҪż
Ϊá
ĸ󣬶ס
˵ǹҲӡĸТ˭ĵﶼƲģΪ㲻ĸ
ɡ绪ü뷴ȴ־ƺе
ԣҵĻȺͳĸӹϵļ֮¡
ǡ绪
̫˿Ŀδ֮ԡ
µʱѾ뾩ûлϼҳµʱȴǡؾԺֱʡ
ȻЩɣ̫򲻻绪˵ģ绪ֱȥ֤ĸӹϵӶӡ

ʧԡ
㹬½ǿʵʹ͸檵䱦ˡ
ʵ۲Ȼŭ㹬ūźȫˣֵĽҲûӹ𷣡
յϢ󣬼̻ϳҹ
ϵʱ򣬻ʵСʺʱʱȰο䡣
ʵʧԾС£ڹߣѲйˣץסˣ
ּ
î˾κĵһ׮¡
ȼǿڻʹѲߣֶԴ㹬һʻ
˼ɵǻʵ۵³裬˽
ǣڳ귢ʧԵʼĩ涵Ķ˵ү˵һԻһ֡
ǣ
Ҽǳ֧ү
ԭˡ˵ͺǣ
ȴǳүڹ޿Ψһ̵ľˡ
ԣ̵ǻϡüֱ飬ĵȻ½İɣ̵͸ʲô˵
ǲΪǼҵĸ֮ˣŵù
Ųѽ
үһŮӣҵ˻ϵĳңΪǡڹվȽŸүδزһ¡
ҡˣʱ޷λ
Ҳ˵үϸҵ飬ϣҵ̫á
߳㹬ɵĺһ
Ϸʧһ¡




30     Ӫ

ԽԽ˴ιʧ¼ʮֹ졣
ֵܷλУξһͬ, вʣԴ²⣬Ҳ
һ˵ү, ǰػʹڣڹѲӣôණ֡
һ˵͵ĶһС⡣ǣûдӳ㹬
ͳλ˼˵ȥ㹬ʱÿ϶һ, ߡ
λУξүѲ極Ĺ
΢΢ȥѲ顣
λУξæ, ҴҴǰ楴
ĵĶλ˵ﻹһͷθͳȥŵ㣬Ǵ
ǡλȥ׷Уξ
ûʱү, ʧԵĶѾҵˣڴ㹬ǰͥĻ̳
ԣĿⷢĿ, Ͳʧ, ҲǺ, һ֡
ϣֻҪһ㲻, ٻ²һ֣һ߷磬ͳλҲȡ
ȻѾҵʧôͺð, ȫԷͼݺԼ˲֡
СšͻȻסĻ˵ͳλӼǻʵ۵Ķ裬Ҳһֲԡ
ү
°ɡ˾
ǡˡ
һ¹ڣǰĵʵۡ
ʵֱʵǲʧԵˣ
˫ϥ£͸ίǿ
ôˣ
ϣίﻰͲӵȫ˵˳
ǵνʧȫԼ޵Ļ̳£極ÿӽ㹬Ŀľ飬ΪҲʧγΪ֮ǰδλҲ֪Ǻʱδǡ
ʵʮĿãЦһº͵˵ˣίˣһ˵˵Ҫʲô
ʲô𣿡գһ۾
̫־С
ϣΪһְٰ
֣
ǿʶȺ֮ţΪ͢ЧΪıγʧΪһ£
ˣΪ͸ðغӣٵġ
ôҪ泼𣿡͸Ц⡣
ʵۺһۣûĿġ
ЦĻأʲôϣ϶׼

ϣղ˵ʳһ󡣡
׼ˡ
л¡
ʱ楿޿ʵۿߡ
˵ϣ³İѳ檵޹˸׳죬ʲôûҵԩ檡
˵ԵĶҲͶˣǻʹ͸檵ġ
ʵʧ֮ͼݺ͢سǷţڰáЭͬ񣬱Ϊˣڰá
㰲üǴ乬
ǴʧɫϣЩǱȥģݺ檣졣
Ѿĩȥ㹬ѻ̳ˡ
ԣ̱ڵأ¶
ģˡóôģȫָʹġ
ʱ໥˺
ĩܹ̫࣬ӣ⹬̫๬Ůûвǵġ
˵㹬̳ΪĸǼ˲ѶȫˣǰѶڻ̳»ѳʧԡ
ĩһ۴㹬һūţϻĵ
ʵ۲ͷǿģ˽ϳȥ
ͻȻһ²⣬ΪҪݺ
Ƿ·𿴵һ˿ϣ޵үͬͬ壬ẦүȾҡ
˵˵ʵԴΪ顣Թ޳ģһרֶԸ
ԥ
ʱʵȥ
ǣӦһǡ޺ŵŮ˶ȥ
ʵ۶˵ĸ죬Ͻظɡ
ˡ

ة褴ŹϢԭȾޣ˯ǰСʮѯһʧԵ飬ԽԽ塣ֱȻ˿
ԺƻͨæݣȻͼһήҲϱ
˵ᱧŵϣ۾˯
ةŬ۾ôģֵҵһ˯
ۣٿϴ˯
ة褲ͷƳһۣ۾˯
۵Ŀةϵľݣһ¡
һ˯ʱ
ү֣ϳˣ¡
ԣȻЩ֮ǰӴҲԸģֻ֣ˡ
ûãܹĩִŻʵ۵ʹ˽˵ۼּүܺúõĲߡ
лָֹ˸̺
սϴүı̺Ҹɵɱˡɵ˵ҪҸүͻء
Թˡ
ʱ˵үղڸϢٴȥӪߡ
ӻصةɻҵǵĵղֹǻʲô˼ӦҲġ
öˡ
ҵة۾
ͷҵ֪⺦Һ󣬴㷴֣ͻȻ֮ǰҵĻڽͳϲһ˿˽ģҾ͸ɴһһʮĺͻ˵Ҫҡ
˳˸ة˵
̽һڣҪңһܲץס᣿ֱӶǻɫֻ»ϻΪҳǸرûȺô
ةü䣬ΪСͱˣͲպ߳ԺһСءȻ߳ˣǳ棬ҪӪ
ȵڶ죬ة褹һӪʱة褵Ǽ뿪ĵġ
󷽷Խʿ˵ǱȫǶĻϲ
ʿǾȺæ񣺡μ
ة褲ͷߵЦŵͷ˵ڽʿض񡣡
ǣة褵߽оʣλ˭ȽȥһԵһ͵ش롣
е˲ֿةĵͷɫڳĿЩϱȵˡ
ֵ󽫾ֿͣ˵үĩ˲֪죬ˡ
ʱҽ˼巭ۡ
ةСͨԶһЩ󲻶ɫĴЩһۡ
ˣҧҪ
ץʶŭͳˡ
ϸ򶨵˵үĩϲʲôԱûͷӪǰ׼
ͬĵͷ
͵͵ĸϸޡ
ة˵Ϊ׼ʲôͽʿǳһĻʳ
ǣĩˡϸӦһҴ¡
Ҳæ¡
ة˵ӶӪˡ
һ̣̽һڣֻĽʡ
һ죬ȫӪʿǿһǣ𵽵֡




31  ɩ   ܺϴ

һͺ硣
ĸ, ҲˮǴߡ
գ˲Сķ磬ůů, ģЯźɻ㣬Ϊմ⡣
ڵĶϣ㳵ﲻò֡
븮, ˲ͳķ羰ׯţ鶯, ȥ
ةҪΪλү࿴ɣ
Ļ룬˵δľֻ϶д, ܻھӪء
䣬ܾͳǵ
үܳǿ첽˹
壿
յ, һ١ܺԴ, ӳŽɹɹͭɫƤ, ԵøӺӾǰ˸
ζЦӦٻ, к¡
ܲĿ
ⳡͺ磬ͳд׵˼
ԴӦΪ࿴İɡӣĸѡ൱Ůǡ
һļ򣬹ֻҪ㹦, ʲôŮģȫѡ
ܺЦЦԸǰ̫ࡣ
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ˵ܣԸӪ𣿡
ֺǼϣ˵û֪鲻ûſùôôأ
ӪѪӣӪڻʳڹĿȾС˼ڡ
ҪӪԼˡ
ܺԥĻصүзԸĪҲӡ
ĵͷȥɽҪˡ
ʱͻȻ
ȥһۣү뿤ˡ
ة磬绪δ
ûãӷ
̫ӵȼλһͬ˳
ǰı޲ĽͬʱתСžš
ةǰǰȥλӡ
̫Ц˵ܺ͵ϱС꣬ô罺ᣬĽ
һЦ˵罺ᣬ˭
̫΢΢ЦܻĬȤ
Դ̫ӽⶾ󣬻Ϊãҹҹ꣬Ůһգ̫Ů˴ϣû˻֡
ةĵĳ˳½ǣͷֻة褵ɫȥЩףʱˣ˵Ǹˣλ岻ʣȴȥϢ
˵գة褴Ҵ뿪ȥһƧԺӡ
ة褴һۣʣ
ҵǰסĵطذᵽһֱţһֱ˴ɨÿ޸ʱ򶼻ס
ϸעɫںõôղżɫףɰŻˡ
ةԥһ˲󿿽ק䣬Ͱ͵Ŀ
ôˣֱȥĶͷ̡
еۡةŴŴ˵
ʵΪղ̫ӿܲԼ̫Уֻ̫Ӳͻ
ŵ˵Ƚɻȥ
һɻ
á
˰Ϊţʱة褾˯ˡ
ƽ˯գ;㣬ݸҡȵֽͣ£һ˯
һ˯˯ϯֱѰѡ
ة褴ǲɺѾߣľľС
Ϊةɺɺٴˮǲ
ʰ׵ǰǰԺϯ١
ÿһεϯһδε涷ޣο̫ӺλĻڳ
ֻΪة褲ˣةֻܶƣǷȥĮġ
ͻȻǰҿԺʹɩͬһϯ𣿡
䵭˵ôĸף
ʧĴ͸ʧίڿߣʹɩ׽κԾɶĺܡ
ةǳǳһЦ⡣
΢΢ͷةһ¡
ɩϯʼǰһֱûǣΪǰˡ
˶࣬ûةǳǳЦš
ɩѾ֪ˣǰ¸еܱǸҪ޲޵ֿǻ
֪Ļʱʱ̶̿ߣʵжȥ֤ʡة褵ĿѰζ
ֲӵ߬߬ȭðβż˵лɩ̻塣
ة褲Ķ࿴һۣתͷƷеʳ
̫ͻȻڣȤбϱͱһ࣬Ʊһӡ
ͻȻһ£ǣ˵̫ӼЦˡ
˵ô衣̫ӱʾȴ׽
ɣЦ˵ү̫ӵ¡
̫Цſ˳һ䣬˵
ɲ΢΢һüͷ֪ǲĴ̫ӵĿʱʱԼࡣ
ϯǣة褵ֵһʱ뿪ϯϡ
ȻֻС׷ǡ
ɩ󡣡ˮ۾ǣȫǿ
ةʵʲô£
껷ܣҸĵط˵𣿡
ةȥǸƧСԺԺſڣɺϲ⡣
۾ˮ˵ĸҪ̫ӣֻдɩܰˡ
סͻȻ뵽ʱýϵӻ࣬˼ƫ
ةüʵô£
ӣ̫ĸ׵˻淡ĸ˵޸̫ӣȻ淣̫ŵλ󣬻һʹ֮λ
˵û̫ǴΪβԸ⣿
ɩҲϲ̫ӣ̫ӵŮô࣬ҲС˵˵ţ۵һ˳
ة褿ʾø⡣
ǲԸµģϯϣ̫ӿĿܽˣԭǿꡣ
㵹˵ѽةȻϲ꣬һɩֹϵһɩﻹΪ֮ǰԴȫ֮
ȱޡ
ӣС硭
֪иˣЦǲӦûлҪ˵
ס
ɸֵ˵ӣСȻԣһֱβܡ֮ǰة褵ӱޣҲõõѵˡΪĸĹϱ䱾
ԣ֪ԼѾ֪ˡ
Բ𣬴硣Ҳú֣ıҾû뵽ôء
ة褵ɴ۾׸磬Ҫô
޵ԲΪ綥ֻᱻʵ۾˾伸䣬ء
Ϊة˳Ѿͷӣֵ
޵ֻ۾׵
ة̾˿Ըɺȥˮ˵ˣ۾ˡ
ɩԭˣ
ԺҪЩеС˼ѧһλҹ㡣ة褿ô˵ǲƽˡ
š꾪ϲͷֿЦ
ةһЦ˳еˡ
Ǿǣһûءε˵ɩңҪĸװ̫ӡ
ة˼Ƭ̣˵ȥ͹˵㵽СסգϸӦ֮ߡ
꼱Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣĸ׻᲻ֱӰ̫ӣ
ة˵õģһ̫ӣһǿ¾ϻʺն¡
ĵĵͷȻǰˣŴɩϢ
ة褷Ը绪ߡ
һĲˮѾͷҪͶ·Ҳǡ˲飬˵ǲġ
ˣֻҪԺѧþУϾһĸͬá
ϱ
ǰݼڡة褾
ʱֿЦةӵϱ㻻˵˵һ顣
ة褺͸ƿķǣˡ




32  ϴ   Ԥ֮¼

ͺ绹ڽ, һȺĹںߣһͺһлҳ˵Ц
ĹǾں, һƷһ߸̸ۣ
ͻȻͨһλˮУˮ
ʱ, һԾԾԣˮˡ
һԵ͸Ƕ죬¾ͺλСںˮ, ˮСֻǺ˼ˮϵȹŪŪʪˡ
Сһȥ֪ͨˣһԴˮСȥ᷿ϴ
Զةþ, һĻ
ةСղ㿴𣿡
ˡզ࣬ʮСһһݡ
ͻȻǰżȻһ仰δ˵, ֶ񶾡
ʱ, Ң˹, 򵥵ļ˸
ة򴽣˵, ȥߣҺҢ˵ӻ
ȵĿһһ㶵ġ
ة褼ûӦȥҳ˵˵
, ʧĿⲻƵɨҢֱӡ
Զ˺Ңɵ࣬ة²ۣԺүڵʱҲ˵ˡ
ةȴɫص˵Ҹպæıһ¡
ʲô£ҢϵЦݣ档
ȥ˵
Ѱ˸˵ĵطΧԷȥ
ôصӣү˵
ҷ̫ӿҵƺ̫ԾԸ̫ˡ
ԣҢɫص˵СҲ̫ӿҵ˻ëر񡣡
˵ҢһڣΪӵġ뷨˵ֻ̫ϲŮˣϲָ
ϣᷢʲô顣
֮ĲޡҢѡةԸ˵ЩҲԸ
ة褵ͷһ£Ҳ̫йء˵̫淣ͬˡ޸̫ӣҺͳ
Ң㶵ģգһ۾˼Ǹ绪ү룬үţѾ˥̫֮淣ͼʲôѲͼүΪվĶӪȥ
ة̾ϾǳãҲԸ⻳Ң˵ģγأȻҲ˵˵Щˡ
ɽ׸ıơ꿤ȻûйֱӵĽӴһһУߵˣ֪Ǹʡ͵ĵơ
ѾͷԸ˼ˡǴڿʼѧãĸĹһݺõǰ̡
벻ҪˮǸкܴĿܻΪһ绪
ة̾ҢһۣͲ˵Ұģ˵ô˵ȴٽ˵ҢĻ
ҢЦ˵Ϊ˵⼸䲻ģҪҵ˵үˡ
ܹǳãĻϣá
ʵƵģֻڿ⣬ҪԱʱĸ㽽ˮ
ة̾ЩҲ˵Ҳһ˿ϣĸĺá
һߣղ뿪ȥ̫ӣǺıڡ
ǵһЦϱƣһĺãǸӾûˮϣ˾ڸġ
ͺڼˮիhѺ󣬱㰲ĸƽߡ
ûãһСѾߴҴڳ߶˼䣬ɫ䡣
̫ӺһŮӳ᷿
˹ʱ˶һˡ̫վѩӵűڴϿޡ
˳嵽ߣִѩһơ
ѩ޵ĸףⲻҵĴҲ֪ʲôһ
˴Ůͱͷһޡ
ͷۣ̫Ƽݱ𴦣ͬʱСȥӦ̫ӣȻȰĸŮǻ
£ͻʹ˽ЦѸұߡɳʹӣѽϯϵĺҶĸȥһݡУƽݡ
ةڳ߸ЩæĴѧ˲١
룬˹ְҲðһϯˡ
صة褻СʮѯͺϷĳ¡
һСʮΪѵı飬֪йˣ¡
ʱľϵرʶȤѸ£ةת˸
ʱ￩һ£Ķ˶٣£Сʮ˵˰ɣ
ة褹ĬϣҸ˵
㵣ġ
ߡ
Ǹȥ㣬ȥ᷿Ҿ͸˵鷳ǸѾ߶Ѳòұȥ졣
ûлˮѩȥɣة褲һڡ
ңװⱻȥû̫ӱһ٣֪ѩ̫Ѿðϸ˲飬˾ȡѩˮƽС㣬С˶ѩ̫᷿ⷢﻹѬ㣬ͳûѩŪ
Ңã
ǵģƽĵŮ
ˡة褻Ȼ򣬡˼ƽף˵ľǳдλС㡣Ҳ֮ǰλСΪʣҲǰԹȣԲŻ⺦Сˮʧ̬
˺üͲһһ
ةԥһ̹ףʵҷ̫ӿҵ񲻶Ծˣ㵣ľû˵
ӸֵˣԼԼ
ˣҺСĵģأС
Ҹ˵̫ӿҢҲԾпǶԸȤˣǶҡ
£̫ӰӶˣʱڳ۶ӡ
˵ô࣬㵹ǳѽǲǲҪˣ
һԵһѱӵϣȥ
ãة褺˯ɢϵͷ𵽶ǣ뿪
ûŸ濴ʲôǼƵóѣĺ
ȥѩ˸˵췢飬̫Ӳ֮£ڹ鷿
ʱԽѾ鷿򡣽գҲȥ˳в֪̫Ӽƻةֵ¡
˵̫ӽݣ췢飬λץסʲô
Խ˵үҪ̫Ӷȹһأһѻ𣿡
Ŀⷢһһٵ˵̫ӻ޵Ϊ
Ҫ̫
ԽĽһ̫ȷʵǵϣ֮ǰδйҡ뷨˸̫ӽⶾˡ
ĪүҵС㡭
ڴ֮ǰ绪⽫СʱǾܾ˵ġ
ǼλӲʲôҪɢ̫ӻ޵һѻ𡣡
ǡ
ףֻҪ̫ѩջ»СС»ˡǣʵۻʧʱֻҪһõͿ׾ٵİ⵹̫ӡ
ΪˣѾð̫ӡ鲻õģҲһ
ʵϣ̫ûʧ
̫Ӻ½楺ˡ
ϢʱʧЦ
˰Ϣ͸¶ĻǱߣɽۻ
ڶ죬̫Ϊ飬ʷ̫Ƹ²ֻ̫֮Ǳʵѵһ١
ºѩΪ̫淣̫̫һͬݼĳ
Ȼһ죬̫˽ʱ˸š
󹬣ʵ۴ñӣĸһټ֮ǰһδʧһϦֵ֮ĽᵳӪ˽֤ʵշ̫ӡ
ˣӼȨƣӰȻ
ة褶˵вԱС
ǰһ£뵽̫Ӳ㺦ǰˣǵɢˡ
ôպͻȻ極޹
˵˲ͬѰʵĻӵĺô
ԭǱĻӷˡةüӪҪúҵǻ㡣
š




33  Ң   ƺة

Ӫ, һͱƸΪУξ˵ĲĿ
ͳλԣүƸУξֵǲ
ü, ζ˵Ƹñθͳֵǿв
λٲһ£æصµȲҡү˫ȫ֪Ρ
ķʣôθͳΪܲ˫ȫ, Ǳ֪Σ
λֻæصү죬¾޴⡣УξıүͲס
Ц, ȵλԵ¶ź󣬲Ż˵ֵǲҲܹġѵõ׼ӪΪ˾ֱָʹ
λһ, ҪܿȨƽĺܣ֪үָʹѡкδ㣿
ڽӪѡ, , ȫӪʿԸμ, ѡˡ
үӢ
ܿģѡָʹһ¡ʱ, ȫӪըԾԾԣҲ޶ԡ
ܺһ໻ڽ꣬ͼҴҵĸڴֲʣү, ָʹ𣿡
ú׼ʧͷҲ̧ļľڡ
үӪ˶
һѾ̧ͷʿֻǿߣչʾԼĻᡣʤһһʧȥġ
ԣܸӽˣѹ
˵㣬ҲҪԼĲУ֪𣿡
ǣ»ȫԸүʧ
ĵͷԣԺ˽и硣
ǣٿ۽üҶõЦ⣬ø硣
ͷڡ
ø磬ôڿЩɵ
ǰ²֮ʦ࿴ǰĵڴýûµĻȥץ׼ѡָʹ
ǣø磬ˡָʹ£ܴҴ뿪
鿴һһľɵݴʹļ¼
ֱɫڣһ쵵Ż
Ȼأ
үĻĹһյһˡ
Ңϱ
üǳ£ɫҴҵȥϱ
̷Ͼƹλϳһҵϣ治ͦáƹݳƹ񣬻ơ
ƹةҢ΢
̷Ц⻨Ȼ嵭ϾǾƣչӶٺˡ
ҢЦ˵һûȹأ̷Ӿģúȡ
ة΢죬ЦĬ
߽ƹݣһةģơ
ة˵ſ˫ۡ
̾ƳˣȻ§סة褵Լϡ
ҢЦ˵үøպã԰̷ˡ
Ŀ䵽һϣ֪İޡ
̷˼˸񣬶˵ ûչ˺չӣǶЩˡ
ȴظˡչӣھƹ濴ƽСˡ
ة뿪ҢĬĬĸȻھƹֱԻظ
ָ˴ة褵ĶͷΪε˵ͱһȾƣԼˡ
ة褿ͷ˲䣬ѵõɵЦƽʱˡ
һμƺة褾Ǹɵ
صȰةϴɾŵϣȻ׼ԼϴȻת˶צһϡ
һˡ
ԺҲߵʱ򣬲ȾƣһζմһҪϱˣզ
ֻ㡣ةֿЦ˵
о౻УѪѿա
ة褻ˮıǿ侲Լȥϴһ¡
ҲûϴɣֱƵڳ˯űһϴɾ
գ˶˯͡
ة飬İͷ䡣
ûԼة褣ƽʱһԺҲߵʱ򣬲ҪٺȾˣòã
á
ة褴Ӧúˬ죬⡣
𣿡ة褳ԴĿתĿ
ᡣͷһ¡
ܸܲңΪʲôҪͱ˳ȥȾƣ
Ң˵ʶһȤѣǼҾƹݵƹ̷ˡ̷˹ѣ֧ǼСƹݡҵľƶԼĻƣģͦúȡ
մӦʲô
ةһ£ȵʱ˰Ѿȥ
Ͷ
Ȼϣ̷Ͼƹݳ
˳츮̷ץԭɱ˵һơ
ƹݵһ޼ƿʩһȥƽҢ
Ңǻһȥ˳츮̷̽࣬˳ɱԼĻƣΪǻƱľƹ򣬹ƻľƣ̷Ͼƹݵ
Ң鸴ӵ뿪˳츮ֱة褡
ةֻ˵ɱ˷˳츮Դоɡ
Ңʧԭĥô˭֪ɱˡ
ة˵ʶһܰæ԰ɱ˴ﲻá
סէһ̷ﲻҸߡԺȲ̷Ļˡһ뿪Цϧ
ةתƻ⣺˵Ӫѡָʹʱͬȥۿ
ʱҢ۾һȻֿȥүÿμҶһ׺ݵģҹۿ𣿡
ةһЦΪĵôСˡ͸һȥ㡣
ҢƲ죬ͻȻһ
ͦЩϰ֮ˡСʱҵΪ˽ϰʦһ춼û̫ˡ
ةЦҪҪóھӪΪɫѡ
ŲҪأҴȢ޻׸
ة褶ҢǴдҢУǾ壬һ˿Ľ
մ˺նͬ𣿡
ԼҢɷȻֻӣǸȻҵԸǼ̫ҴŮ࣬岮ҵĺӲ̫ڸ档
ˡةЩĽ
ԣҢЦةǰԽı¶Ը
Եõ˵ҲȻˣүô㣬⾩ļҵٸ͹㲻Ľ㣿
ة褵淭˸ۣеҢʾд
ͻȻҢɫ˵׼μӽǡо٣һҪμĴǡ
ة𾪵ĿĹ涨ܲμӿƿ
Ңһڣмʲôƹ涨ƫƫҪμӡ
һ֣أ
װİ磬ȥμӣϸЩ֪Ң
ƿ˳͢£ϸ̫󡣡ةȰ˵
ϻҢ᲻Զ𣬾һֱıĵλϣһл볯Ϊ٣սɳ
ةסˣ·Ĵš
ҢһСͱ黭ѧӣδһۡ
ҢĿҼᶨ֪Լ뷨ȥܻĵʼվÿһԣҲֵһԡ
ة֣صĵͷҪҰæĵط㾡˵




34  ѡ   źѡָʹ

Ӫָʹѡ, ʵ١
ʿǾٱѡ˸Ӷ־
ļλڻʵ࣬绪Ҳˡ
ʱ, ʽʼʱƬ̡
Ц˵ɶˣ뿤һˡ
Ļӵĸة֮Ů
ĻһλںλָߵĸλȨص游Դ̫ӱ, Ķ࣬ԽԽĳѡ
ҲЦſڣ׿Ⱥ, 棬үȥˡ
ǶӵĸֻһͨĵطС١
Ը֮ûĸķ, ͷ
ةǳǳЦţԴһ˿ɬλҴȤˡ
Щĸ˾, ֪ة, ة褽, ͨﵽ£Ŀġ
Ϊ֮ĻʺΪ̫ӱϵĹϵ, ȴûܰڻʵˡ
½Ц
Ŀ䵽Ңϣ˵ߵλҲǷʣ֪ǺҲ
ة褽ܣƽĹҢ
Ң˸񣬲
Ц˵ԭƽҵĹӣһ˲š
ޡ
²ҪСɡ绪С˵һ, Ϊм
ةǳǳЦ˵үǶܸмȻչҵѣǹļˣ빫ԡ
绪ɫ˲ࡣ
ĳЩϣة褴粽á
ۿʱˣʵʽʼ
ة褺ҢһۿϵĽʿǱ䣬Ѹղŵһ˿Ժ
קק绪½ǣ绪ŻʰԼ
Ϊ˵ϻۿӪѡǹ˾ǺĹϵѴлͣҿԽͻϵ绪ˡ
У㵽ֹ
Ժѱкü¡
ǵĿеĳֿЦһ¡
ʵʣС˭
ػϣǳܡ
Ȯӡ
лϿ佱ǽԣôһ䣬ˣҲ㶪ˡ
㵹ǻ顣Цһ䣬ۿ䡣
һ·նֻҪٴӮһͻΪǰ
Ҫһս¬УξӪꡣ
¬УξսܸܵĶԤһ
ܽ·磬ȴֲ԰ܣصһֻһͷſվһѪټƵġ
üʾֹͣ䡣
ҪܼˣСӾ͸ҪƵġ滹ѡأѡǰ˾ָʹѡ
¬Уξ񿴷һܣۿŽҪܾˣֻ̨
βеλʤʿǻ׶
ܳ¶һĲЦݣøһź
⣬һ䣬ˡ
Խ󣬻ʵۺݻع
ߵܸǰõ˿ϴ˴
˻ۡ
㻹֪ۣڲ䣬սɱ
һѵ⣬ֱ˶˳ȥ
ſڣة褿ЦݵĿֵܡ
һˮ˲񿴼һͰ͵ĸ״ɩӣø˿ϴ
ةƲ˽ĵʵܣ˵𣿡
ءɵЦ˵
ִһ˿ڣίĺۡ
ةĿ֣û㻹óܵ˸ѽ
ʶةŲŲ
ͷߣɩԶ㡣
޵ķ˸ۣةԶЩ
һֱةĬҢɵЦ˳˲ǵĿ⡣
ة˵ǽһ£λƽĹӣǳӣǽУξ
˵նүĹӰɡƽĹӣֻһʶҢ
ǡҢǳǳЦš
˵Ⱥúˣ׼պԡ
ǣ֤øʧ
ϰİײ¶Ǹ⣬Ťǣة褵뿪
صةϣΪ
ة֪Ӫĳ˾ܼΪԭӪ̫޷ƿص顣
ûʧձܵȴͬϡ
㲻ҪԼôѹӪ߿ҲǸˣ빦ͣҲΪֵ
֪
סة褰ϵ֣ԼϣֽĻ
ЩۣϢһ¾ͺˡ
ة۵ı顣
Ȼպԣȴǳһ⡣
ۿʱɳٳûг֡
ȥȴ˵һȥӪˡ
ʱҢǰҽݵ·ϡ
ǰӪ;УżȻҢͱһȺֳֵ׷ܣ˼ĳȥæ
˫ȭѵ֣ۿŵҪʱҢסˡ
̶ۣܺƴĴ˫ˣЩºݻˡ
ܶ˵ıҢҽݣҢԼϡ
ҢſϣѵߵĻ˻ȥ
ʵղŲҪǾ̫Σˣ㵽ȥıһ˳ӡ
ҽݣȸҢ˰Ȼܴ˿ڡѧͽһԸһӰ
ʣչӣЩʲôˣô׷㿳
Ңۣĵ֮֡ǲ׷ң
ţܵĿϣŷһӵĴȫͬ
ҵСˣһҾƹݵĻơ
ƹݻƣ
ҢΪԼ˵ķϣĵΪ󣺡ǰǾƹݵƹɱһƣѾЩΪʲô׷ҲպҪʡ
䣬ĿǻƣΣյۡ
ӣŲ˵Щǹ¥͵Ĵ֣һӵƦå¥ǾƹãͱǸĶʹҲǻãƫƫҪƹġ
˵͵ز˲ᡣƹĵغãʧɱˣǹġ
ҢüȻͬǣСˡ
ͻȻҢɫһ䣬ܣæʵǲԵӣ
ʱԴѾˡ
Һһȥ˵ԭ顣үǲˣοأҢܸϽһȥ
ܴͷɥ¿ʧ
ҢûĿڣôܾأ죬ǲҪľͷȥˣô֪У
Խ١
û˵ܼ͵ͷҲ˵
Ңһ˵үУξ·ƽΪпԭүһᣬ
ǳԼѡ񣬱ΪˣⳡԴ˾Ǵˡ
Ң顣
ȴлչΪ顣ǣԼԣӦԼе
ȻǧԸ⣬ûܲμǼȶʵܹƫ̻
ѡνܿͳˡ
ź֮࣬еοǣȻûѡָʹɾִڣɾ˿ûȥ




35  ɨ   ݼգɽֹ

ةٴ̷Ͼƹʱ, ʨھƹſţС
Ңةһͬҿϵĺ첼
ǻƹݿҵӡ
̷, ˳츮ԴǸⳡµĹ¥⳥߼ӡ
оҢȥ̷̽ˡ
̷˽ƹҢֻͬʱΪ̷˳͹黹Ƶ£ҢҲ̷ˡ
ةڶ¥ǰλ, Ң¥ة褣ϲ˵ȻǾƹݵƻơ
ة褼˶, ˵ȥæɣкҡ
޷лأ׼Ƹƹ񡣡Ң, ϵɢ
ةʣƹݣȡԻһΰɡ¬Ӧٲڣ̵㻯, ֻһΡȴ֪ԴΪǺΣ
һ, ھС˼主, ˡ
ʱ˾ƹ, ҢΪة褵һǻơ
ةž㣬ŴЦЦԺȳҴӦ, ʱξƲմ
Ңզ࣬ЦƵ˵ү˶Ҷˡ
ةЦ˭Ҳû㡣
ҢƲƲ죬˵һ£֪ϵǼҹ¥˭ӣ
ţ˭ģ
˵ġ
ة褾˺һ˲Ȼ˵ڻƹݵĶ㣬¥ٺ
ҢζЦ˵վߣҺܸˡ
ةбһۣﲻǲˣǾ¥ġ
ҢͷѾΪƹݵȥˣȷʵ֪飬˾¥ƹ񣬸ȥĻƼӣҲ̷⳥𡣵±Ͼӣóˡ
һʱͷϣЩͺˡ
֪ѾףЩ쳣˾ڲ¡ҢԴΪˣҴիhǶˡ
ة΢΢Ƭ̶̣˵δǵΪ¡ͺգСûСŪ̫ڵ᷿󲮺ʹһʼ֪ܲϸӦҲܲ
ֵҢˣիhѾͷܸɳ£룬ĪˮǸǸѩйء
ة΢΢ĵһͷ
Ңզ࣬βŵˣѩŷ̫һùҲⱨӦˡիhѾͷ±ãҲǻá۸˱ȥͬڣ¾Ĺˡ
ةǳǳЦţԽͬΪҢ
ܴһչӣף㿪ҵ󼪡
ҢĽӹ˼ĿܣҲ̫ʵˣ͵һյֵǮĺ
ܺЦ˵ø˵ҵ͸ʡ
Ŷˣɩӣø类ϴٽˣȹ˵һ
ة褵ͷк£ƻơ
áֿЦԼԼһƣһ
ҢбһۣҲҪϸϸƷġ
ŶָԼһȡ
ҢƲ죬һɵӡ
ԼĪһʱŻ𼱻ǵĸϹֱӽة褻ظ
ܻظ󣬵ĸǰ൹ҪϢ
ǣĸ׷ġ
˵ƽĹӿһҾƹݣȥˡ
ĸ׵ĻձӦүȥκʱϽн˹ȹȥһˣ˵һ
ȴǲС˱ǣҪһУξȥ
ĿתĿĿŴӡ
ĳҢϾǸնүĵӣĪҪߵ̫
ǡܲ˼ĻأԭͺҢ޽ûж롣

գݵļա
ة첻ʱˣָ˰ѼɨҪĶϸװ
ſڣǺͳ˻ϣһͬǰء
Яةݷݺ󣬴Ĺǰһ顣
ɨԳĳ˵󲮣ҵȻȥɡ
ͷ̫ʹŸ˻ȥˡ
̶ַԸȴŴȥׯϴһ£Һة褵Ȼȥׯסһ
ĵԥһ£Ӧһǣһͬ뿪
ةߣ
ȴС˵ˡ
ûãڰ˻Ǽ˶뿪˳
үݽ
ͷóЩλá
Ϻ³߼꣬ۿʪ
³ӣ˵ϣүʵµĳŵ
һΣĹû³߶Ĳ
˵˵ĻԻ֡
³ȴǹŲ˵үڽĹǰġ
ⷢģ³ߵ̬ȣڸ׵ϣҲƽϣһһεս̶ȡƢãƢٺõҲиȵġ
ةվ࣬ĿĿ³ߺ͹ϡ
ðΣϲžеͣߣүǸ
үĪǺӹˣǽжԩ³Σյۡ
ߣǳһ˵߶Խһֱڻʷ꽫գӼЩү½⡣
Էģһ㣬ٸҶԱֱȸĹˡ˵رǿǡ֣˭ѹ
˵գݵĹǰģ׷ģؽ߾ȫҳױ࣬Ϊױѩޡ
˵Ժ˵׾ɲ࣬ݬ룬պսӵĵߣ븸ĪҪӲ׵ľ顣
ԣ³ߵȥ̾
һˡ
ʵ˽ˣֻĩĸɨһȦֱݡ
ֱ꣬ſ˵ϣϴδҴһδˣǹ
ϵĵϹΪ֮ϲһ񣬲ֵǡ
ʵƺϰ˵޲˳̫ãȻعˡ޻Ǿ仰ʹʱ㳨
ʵߺ󣬹Ϻ³Ҳ뿪ˣһ仰Ҳû˵
ةСʣΧ𣿡
ֻа
Ͽ³ߣƺһ㶼⣬ϵ³ߡ
³ߺ͹ֵܣʱסڹϵΪ档ô˵üˡ
ةҲüͷ˵͹ϴμǰģҲڸ׵ķǰ𣿡
˸ðȥ飬Ĭӵة褣ͷĲ䡣
ةıŹ塣
³ߣҲŻʵۣŹϡ
ÿһΣἰʱ񣬶ʱһģһһʮˣ˺Ķӡ

ׯϣɨһ
ȵة褹ʱˮպãҲ챸ˡǻѾ;š
ĺһԣɫԲ
ֱةţүׯӵĵ軧˵һ¡
ţ
ɽǱһϾֹ
΢΢һ㶣ʵǲǿˣļ죬׳׻Ҳ׻ȼ
ŵֻǹ𣬻ǸѾŵòڴˡ
㶣룬ǿˡ
ةɫ׵ߣץŴ˵ǻظɡ
׽ȥⶺ
ʱة褱˱죬ʲô
Цһ죬ԹҸͺˡ
ִ򡣡ةȥ˲ֳһš
ƫͷȥûۿǡ
סة褵˫˫ȣһڣˣˡ
ة褺ߺſǻظɡ
Ӧûйȥ
һأ
ҵķɽڵأйҲʲôߣֹҵȥ鿴
ة죬ﺦ£ֲҺһȥ
ˣ
¡
ͷӿһůӵϸߵ£һᱣġ
šةӦһûôˡ
ʱһ˵үҪ׼ʲô
мͬмɡȻԼǴԽģ粢磬ĿйȻ󣬾Ϊ
ҹ˱ɽˡ
ɽ£ӭ
ү绪
绪Բ԰׵϶˾ŭһة褣ǹɺ¾ɢһ룬ôڲǸ׼ɨ
ʵϣߵ˶ݵļգֱС˵˼ɨæ
ô˶ſЦԥǰɨ֪йЦЦȥĸͳŲ
ةȻص֪һ͹ݹˡʱɽΪ˵ֹ
˵ةͻȻָ绪һй
ʱ绪ŵһУæǣ㵽˲ĶӶϱ
Ƴϱ۵޵Ц⣬ɲĹһǣϱ˵ҶѻѾע䱸
绪йɽܣǷˣ
׾ɽϣиڣʲôħҲ¡һ䣬ǣة褵־ֱǰߡ
еŮ绪ʾڻس𣿡
绪ԥһСᣬţҧ˵ʱ͹ˣ
ŮסԹȫԽпţ̽ʣȥ׷ү
ȥׯϣ
绪ǰׯӣɽ
ɫ׻һһģҹķͷǾ㤡
˵ŵة褣ŻѵҲ
ưȰİةƵһСŹǰة褣ͷŤʵ׻һȼ󡣡
ةǿŤͷ۾һۣѸ侲ǹ𣿡
ǵġ
ûй
ûй
ʱپǱߣй
˳ָķ򿴹ȥȻͿͬȵһһһɽȥ




36  ʧ   ӻؾҢѰ

΢΢ü, ʾⰵȥ鿴
ǻ˼ٰ𣿡ةСʡ
ӦǣѾðȥˡƱҪʲô˾ڳظװŪ
ǻصׯʱ绪ݵšɫĹԺ֮ȥ, û˯ʶǻ
ô
ΪѵҪǲοҹɫùȥĵط޻ҹسǣҲȫ
߽, ةקק½ǡ
绪ֱʵɽϵΣ
ة˵ȷʵƹӰǲǹд֤
绪ʲôɲģƵطҲˣ
ӳ˳, ھͿߡ
绪ŭ⣺ô˵𣿡
̴ȰةҲȰ
ةĶ绪ɽǱҵأױ, 빫ԡ
ݶסĹ治ĵط
ȥ˯һһسǡ
绪ɫʱʱ, 鲻ԸĻص᷿, Ůշת, ֱ񲻼òǿ˯š
һߣة, 渵Ű޵Ĺ£˯
ŵȥѽط˴
طصǸӣǳطعڹ¼ţڰ, ԽԽ̰Щ죬ȵݵļգûϹɽ
˽󣬱˰ȥ򸾴á
ٽʱŹӰİˡ
Щǻ˼ٰ磬ˣںü˼ҵظҲ˿ˡ
ʲô𣿡
װʲôҲû
üˣǡҹװôʲôҲš
ǡ
Ȼڶ죬ǻûвЩװԵʱɽֹĴѾֶߣѸٴ˹
ʵ뵽ոռɨĹĵ˴
ſڣһյʵ۴ٵϢͱة褴ŸϽԻͻظ
ǣȴ˱һʥ
ػͳʵϣֹħˡ
ʵۼɲһüͷʣô£
ͳ¶ɫĻصػϵĻֹȵ۵Ĺˡȥȵ۸ǰûþħˣһֱ߶ŻĻ
鷿⣬Ⱥٵִֹ˭
Ǹػͳ졣
ꡭ
ڻ꣬ɵɫ
ãСʱɫɲˣ·
лֹ㡣
ֹ˻ʵ۴ȥ
֪귢̲סֹһһֲ߻
ⲻʵҽͬͳһͬǰꡣ
װͨһ漰ȵۣ˸ˡ
ûȷʵ֤¾ҪĿӻصǡ
ϢǼװûٳװ
Ǳߣҽ˼ǹأͬʱϴһһж˻ʵۡ
ϿʼΪ󣬻ʵٻӣɢӡ

˵ҢĻƹݣս¡ƸƵ죬ǽƹӦ˾˼Һ;¥ʳ
գѩ˶ƹȴֲ㣬ҢԼһСȥ;ˡ
СһȥҢȵҹҲûȵ
ǣҢϵĻǣǰȥѩѰˡ
Ȼȴ˵;ƵĻưѾ͵ˡ
Ң·õĽȴ˿;ƽѩ󣬵û˿;Ƶ˴Ӵѩ֤ʣ֤ڴѩʧ١
Ң΢΢̶ǲ˸ȥ˳츮
һб¥һƽĹӣ˳츮ѧԹʣŲͷ첶ϸ顣
ȻȥˣҢ˳츮˶ǲ
ʱϵԽ࣬ĻԽС
һС˶Ң˵ϰʶβȥүɽæѲء
Ңԭ¶ȥة褣ʱѹ˲Щ
ة˵ʼĩҢۿǸ߶Сˣæȥ;Ƶģû취ôԵ޹ʵʧ١˵˵ţᡣ
ةοæʹ˸ȥӪ¸֪
ûãܾʹˡ
ɩӣչӣøϸ˽
Ңϸ˵һ飬˵˾ڴѩ󶪵ģԴ˵ѾڴѩѲһ飬ʲôҲûҵ
ܵͷ֮ǰѾҢϸ˽ȥ˳츮ͬѩһˡø绹ѩҢйڡ
չӣһ䣬Ƿʹѩо𣿡
Ң΢㶣ûɹǰԼ˵ϣ־ǻµˡ
ǴѩСģĵز˵Ǻˡ˵ľӦþϺĹϵ岻ϺӽңҵС
˵ة褲ҲһüͷʵܣĪ㻳ɺйأ
˵һ˲Ե޹ʧ٣һҲԵ޹ʵñʧ١Ҳά־ΰְȥһ˳츮Ȼȥѩ̽
ة褺ҢͷڴĿ⿴뿪
Ң룬ԾɷĲȥѩ󣬱ǡ
ة褼ǵģҲǷĲ£ʵǻظϢǼȥˣ
Ңһ£û̻ش
⸱ģة褾֪Ĵˡһȥ
ҢæҡͷѾ鷳ˡֵطһȥ
ةȴ˵˳츮ѾѲѩ󣬳ҲѲǲȥѩ󣬿԰Լһ档
ԣҢĬ˺һŻͷ
ƹݣáةҲʱɵľһ˲˸
Ң˵ƹӣһ¡
չҪոѩ;ƵĻưɣ
ǡ
չӣĻƽƽʱǡüˡʱֻ·ĻƺˣҲ֪顣
ҢŴ
ة褿ڣҢƹѵһľƹݣȥһ̳
Ңȵĵɴ۾鲻Ը뿪
Цһ˵֧չӣ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
²󣬲֪ƹӿмӣةĿתĶ
ӣβŵ
ةɫ糣ʣʶһ֪ʲô
Ҳ治ɫĻأϹѲӣһͨլԼһ
ةָĵϹͨգƹݲûôˡ
лġ͸¶Ѿ͸¶ٶԡ
ةȴƹѪѵ֪൱걻𣿡
˵ʲôɫأ𾪺ͻҵıҲزס
ƹӣҿ԰㡣ة׳֦
ӻؾة褺ʹ˰֡ͬƶ׹Ϻԭӵӵߡ
ة룬ͻǵĹϵʵ΢δѣлΪһͻƿڡ




37     ʱ鵽

ҢߺȲߵ, ȵ뿪Żصá
ةǳǳЦ˵̳ƣʱ, ƹѾˡ
Ң£ƲƲ죬죺˵ʲôҰ˽ʵ˵
ةЦϺȥѩ󡣡
Ң۾
ȱ, óȥһ顣
Уξо仰˵öԣ˲Ե޹ʵʧ١һֱߣѩ˲޽֪Ϻȥѩ, ˭
侲㡣ةһЩ
Ң˿侲˸ȥ֪ܡ
ں󣬴ѩƻ貣ÿֵʱ
ʱ, Ž˳츮콫ο͸ߣٴѲ鴺ѩһʸˡ
ѩĹСС˹깫, ١ȫϸѯ, ʵʱһ롣
ۿһ, ﰵ̾Ϣɫس
˲, Ц˵УξҸʼҲʲΪƹݵǸưѾ͹ˡ
Ĳ㣬һСڣ˵Ҫ, ʲʲͺʵġ
ԣһιȥͲˣһСƣôͷУξ˷ģ
ְάΰҵľ
һѪУξ֪ƹݵĶƽĹӡ룬չӵˣҶʲôⲻǸԼ鷳
⣬ǲСүЭ˳츮¡
Ŀ⿴Ĳ죬ܿߣʾΪ
˵ѩĿˣҲһ̲顣
Ųοͣѩ⻹е
һڣ˹ȥ
ָܵŹ깫С
Ѻ󣬼Уξһ·ȥǵĿˡ
⣬²ܴӦ㡣
𱼱תĵĶĸ˼䣬ĸ깫Ѹ˴ѩĺš
ܼɲĹһĨЦһøԤϵһ
깫һ뿪ѩ涢ҵ˾ĵĸһҲ۵ʳ깫غ󣬴˴ѩصĽ
Ǽʳĵ˶Ӹţ븮ڡ
գϰŰݷة褡
ة褽ǰԺƫϲ衣
Ц˵ǰżȻЩۣ˵ϲЩ㡣
лĳѧ˼㣬Ʒ
ãЦ˵պÿԺͿ˵˵
ة󣬺һ˰֪ҹܽ˴ѩ⣬Ҳ֪Ӹ봺ѩй
ĺŲ裬Ŷȿڡ
ССһڲ裬²豭ݵ˵ҼҵԹ˾ۣǵӲù
ةţƺͬȴǶԶӷµʶ
Ϊ²ܳΪҲ٣ʳʲôģ
˵ΪǵӺùЩֻЩСʶЩϵѡһģиǰҰæ뿤ַ̧Źѩ󡣡
ةȻ֮ɫ˵ѩĶǶѣ
ǵġ
ǣة褲˵ҼүΪѴѩһᡣ
ҹͷ̲鴺ѩУξǽˣһǿõܡ
˵󲮼ҵĳѽΪ˹ֱ档Էһģһذ¡
ѩʱϣУξ첻ȥѩ飬ҪӪϹȥⲻǶǮУξ˵ÿҪȥѩ̲顣
ѡڴѩʱȥһĵ
üͿԸԸСæˡ
ةǳЦǹ£ΪңֱӶҼү˵
ɫĵӲϵ¡
ةЦЦ
һߣϺڵס
ϼҴһסһԺǵʱϺòڼңĸϷдǡ
Ϸ˿ȥƺ࣬΢Ц˵ǼǺ󣬻ǵһйš
˵ǰæЩճʱ䣬ݷá
ϷЦôüĿƳ۶˲Ů۵һĨ˼
һյϺ
ȵϷתϢϺ˲Цݣ֪үԹٺᣬкָʾ
ʶһ˵Ϲסݷá
үˡ
һһ˵÷ܡ
˵Ϲӣ̡
Уξ˵
ǰϹӿȥѩ󣿡
ȥ
ϹӿҢչӵСˣ
Ϻһ£϶˵ûС
ĿתĶβŵϹʲôǵϵ˳츮
áϺ͵ЦһΪ̡û뵽ҢһСˣүУξ档
һЦָ˵һҪ˽Ҳ
뿪ϼҺɫص˵ø磬ոûмչӵСˣһ²Żش˵ûУһ⡣
΢΢ȴ˵էһ˼⣬˵ĵһӦסǻش̫죬⡣
޹أͶˣǸСԵ޹ʵʧ٣
Ҳпǵ鷽Ĵˡ
ø磬᲻ǶǱߣǰװųܣ˭뵽Ȼиô¥о¥ʳ˲òࡣ
ͻȻһ˶Ļ
ܣҪʥչˣŻƹݺʹѩ֮·߲顣
ǣø硣
鵽飬˵˭һûӣЩҲ޿ɺǡȻӵȫϢͨ꾹һ˷֣ʵɡ
ʵ۵˰鵹Ա仯ʵ֤֤ЩطĻ󶫼϶
˲Ϊ֤Щ׬Ǯ˶ӵ˽ʡ
ʵ۳Ĭ˺һò˵϶㲻ٹˡ
ǡ
껵ĶǸɣΪһСˣǿˣ
ˣչĺѣǿϲŲ˰æû뵽ǣһСˣܲ
ʵ۵ͷ˵Ҳϳ
ּ
߳鷿ٸˬ
˵öԣҪǱֳҳϡ鵽ӵ£һһʮȻ͵õá
糯ĻͲϱһˡ
յԴ
үƺз֮£Цӯӯ˹
ԭֹ׼ȥ
ǰȥɰЩƷ
ĻҪֹȥ죿
ۼȥɰ죬ܷЩү֪ղڷʲôɷۼ˵˵
ЦЦȻһݵ˵ֹñտʼϳԺҪˡ
΢΢һ㶣ЦŹأүûãǰƽ
ߵſʱͻȻ˵ۼ˴ҪɰƷЩ࣬ɷүۼҰæ
һüͷǹһĨЦ⣬˸




38  ҩ   С˳ʬһ

, Ѷһɸˣֲǳ׵ĵ
һֻڻʵ۵
գһϳ, ٹǶͷų⡣
ȫ΢ЦӦվߡԱ̰ͳһٿ䡣
³һһ뿪
οֵǣСĵ㿪ʼϳ, ζŽӴȨģ½ϸ
ǣл㡣
ֹ˻, ͻȻ˵˵մ˵ĹӺСʱ߶
ǵģҢة褼档ֹǳ߶Ңة褳ȥȾƣͲˡ
ԣĬ˺һ, ɲ̾˿⵽ˡ
ˣôˣ
ûʲô
΢΢һüͷ, ڹſֱðȥ鷢ʲô, ڴҢš
ص, ίͰ͵ıة褿ߣة褣ΪҢ, ˱ҺҥԣҪ𡣡
ة㶣Ӧ˵ʲôüͷ֪ˡ
Ӧ, ԺҪӰ롣
ةЦѽĸ׶ȡЦˡ
ί˵ϳȥ㶼һ𡣡
ة褷˸ۣЦɴɹƤҩˡ
ة褡
֡ةƲƲ죬Ͻ뷨ȰҥԶֹˡҲͰˣܻҢ
ɴ۾׺ݵһѽة褱𣬾ةæסĲӡ
ҵҵ˵ûҪô㡣
ڴϣ㸲ȥ
ة޵ķ˸ۣҪ
ȵͣЪĺʱ֡
ةûʲôҢûȢ޻׸أҪ
Ҳ㻹Ǳˡ
ҶӶˡ
ԣ׼ɻµĳֻˮľźϱϴ¡
ùź§ةԺɢʳ
Ѿȥˣ֤Լȥ
šةĿϣҡ
ڨڨЦתʵҢ˵ҪȢ޻׸𣿡
ǵġ뷨ҳ죬ľ۽綼١
Ǻر𡣡òϣԼСҢ
ˣǸСˣҵʱϵʱԽҵĻԽã
Ҽָܣ޵İȥҾֻܰ˶ˡ
סة̾һ
ʱٹү˵Ҫ
΢΢һ㶣ˣ˵ȴȥǰԺƫš
˵꣬ة褻Ϣ
ة˵¾ȥæɣЩϢ
£һ²뿪
˵ЭֲɰƷʮ̣ɹƷ廨š
ȻЩƷȴһΥҩ
ȵֹǲСǷֵģ֪ģ
һ˻صʱֹƹ˵С̫ԣæʱСĿġ
һȴµǾãǶ¶Ƿֵġ
΢΢ʵ֪ļҵ̳۽ҩİɣ
үĻСغ·ϵİٱ󡣡
΢΢ĵһͷȻȥš
ǣ¸ˡ
ҹðȥ˰ٱ
һ飬ְٱĸɾȫûҩļ
գ³һᵥ֡
ֹ˿аæ
ϴæˣлү
һӦʲͳһɹЩֹ湬ǲɹİɣ
㣬ﶼҪģ඼ЩƤǺò˵ǵǵû㹬ĶֹΪ˵
Ц˵ֹʴȡ
ֺǺЦͣ˵ڹﵱġ˵ЩȤҩȴ֪ģкã
ִߵЦˣںδүӦѾ֪ҩЧүǲ֪Ҳרۼˡ
в²⣬ȷֹ֤
үµĲˡۼҲү͸¶ࡣ
ּ˸񣬾߿
ĥ͸̵˼˵Ľ̻壬ڹİŰ׮ֻð˰ٱ
ͬʱܲ鵽˰ٱ
ÿհǴСȥҴңŻؼҳʱ򣬰ٱԺС˹Ľ
˳츮ԴѲòѲٱ
ݾߵðٱ󰲾Ҳ̾
֪ܵԼ£Դ׼ѵ
˼Ƭ̣ԸӴ󶯾Żƹݵѩ·ߣߵ̺˼Ҷһ飬
հ죬Ž˳츮ھֳô󶯾ֱʷòϳʱѧ
ʵ۳ǣǲ
պ󣬰ٱٴγ˶
˳ϣڲ鵽յϢ̴ǰڣҵرʬ壬һʬϲƣһҢҵСˡ
Ƴʸʵۣڷֵģ˺չӵС˱һ
ʵĿⷢʵռСˣôҵģ
ϣžƹݵ¥֮·ϸ̽飬ְⷢٱÿһƻʱ־˹Ľڰжǣŷְٱı˶ڡչӵСˣײǵĶжɱ
ʵ۳Ĭţðβ˵ǰЩ˵޶Գίˡ
ϳĶԣȷʵѶֵôˣ˰ա
ʵ۵¶һ˿οң̶˵ɳȥġ޹Ѭ¶
ѿڶ˾˿пҽҽô˵
ʵǳǳ΢Цҽ˵еò
ϣɷ֪ʲô
ҽ˵ǲǵһֶҩǾرܼʱⶾ˥߶ҩ֮ˣͨҩ
֪ǲΪ֪ʵжڿʵԽԽֻʵɫ㲡
ô޿ˣҲһ
ϣ
õģҽܽ⡣мǣŴ¡
ס
ԥһ˵ϣлֹӹΥҩ
֪ĩСӶҩ񫣬ÿһʱͻִӹһֱľķôЩķϣԴֻ۱ֻۡҳ¶֮˺ޱĩȥꡣ
ʴȡɵ룬ǽҩô򵥣͸¶
οǽҩ԰ٱ󣬶Ҳ鵽˰ٱ




39  Ժ   ǰԺ

Ң˻ȥ, 
һ£Ңƹܣƽ
նүն, 㽫ý뵽˸ýΪҢ˵ý
ýʮˣŮˣҢȫҡͷܾ
ն˳˰Σ, ĳȰϰٳţֻ, һδܻó谮
ҢĿɿڴĿĸף˵ʲô
˵ҺͬСն˲Ծ
Һʱ˵ҪСˣ, ʲôлҪң
Ǿͺáն˿ת˲ֱֱ񾭡
㲻ǿ˰ɣɱȿҪ
˭Ҳûϡ
Ϊ£߶, ܸ, 㿴Щ
ҢĬ˻, ͻȻ˵ȥԺ顣
, ն˲üԺﶼЩӣʼǸһʲô£ɽô죿
, ԺոŮӣѻ鸾ȥء˵ҢٿüЦ
նԥȸһ¡
šҢͷεĿնˡ
һߣҲ˵ŰԺ֮¡
޷յС߿ź۲ѣæȥӽӻ
ԺĺԼҷ˵һ顣
޷Ĩһᣬ˵ҵȻ֪ԺãӡôԶôʱˣܵǳԲů
ֺγأҪȥԺǣ
޷ϲæ˵á
öºæŰŹ޷ȥϰة褴һк
ϢةҲ͸ĸһȥԺ
ǣһ뵽ЩæýŲأʹͷ
˴񣬻ʱʱѲֵشʹӪնܽţ˶˱ƽľ
Ŀľǲʵж֮¡
ϲȸŵķΧȻΪȵʵĺûᣬȴǡ˲Եʱ
ĩʵ۲׷ж֮ˣҲָƽִĽҩҩһ䣬˻ʵÿյѬ
ҩʱԴŽץ˸Ρ
һüͷЦԹû뵽ǻ档
ĩ𾪲ѣҡ
Թܹܣ˵⹬̫͹Ůͳ㾴֣㾿ΪҪϣ
ۼ޻˵Ϊ˰ȫй¶£ҩҩȫԼΪ
ĿԹ汾ȥϰɡ
ʵĩĩʼղ͸¶һ֡
ˣʵ۵ǲ˳ԭĩڽǰйңһŮŮ
ʵ۶˳ͷֻȴһĺʱ
ĩʹӭһδѪĩȴΪһεܹܡ
´󹦣ֻʹ͡
һֱͷǣϺǷε¼аĳɫ
˵ĻڿԶЩʱةˡ
ⲻڷһ´档
ة˵ǰĸ״СһȥԺССˣҲȥ
ãһȥ
šةڴܲڲιԺ֮࣬ڿΡ
ȵʱ񡣡ҧһڡ
ة۵ġ˻һعƿųԶ֮ȥˡ
˾ࡣ
ڶ죬Ǿˡ

Ժλ긮ؽ磬븮ʮ֮ңĴɽɽϡ
Ժɽղȵǵʵ۵ʦʿߡ
ȫѧѧԹӼΪ𣬶԰ԺΪסرǣԺȥ𣬿ʼոŮѧ
һٴ룬Ȼ˵Ĳղ飬һ翸еָáΪļ֣иŮѧķðԺһ¥
ة褵ִԺɽµİסһҿջ
Сϣؽߵĵ̯λķı鼮ֻŮ٣˭һʫʶü֣˵ϼǶǵĴ
ة褺ϲķΧԴӵִǵЦݾûʧ
˼Ʋˣȫʫ䡣
ةü˵죬òã
áϳβΪΡ
ĸӦҲסڿջɣ֪סļң
򵥡ٴ˸ƣ̾ȥջ˼ˣǷͷȥϵĿջ
ţϢҲʹˡ
޼һ˲ûסڰĿջ
ة򴽣˵쵽Ժ֪ˡ
һ磬ɽ˰
ԺɽԽ뵽ղĲңڴ˴ղȲ졣
ղ˸񣬡ү
ɽˡة褶λϷӷĵ𾴡
ة޷ߣС˵ĸףҺͳҲССܡ
޷Цŵ˵Ķͷүİɡ
ةüЦЦ
ղ˵øɽةԺߡ
ɽȻԺһȦ
ͻȻǿһȺСһŮѧѧ٣ȵĶ࿴ۣȻͿة
ةҲǣС鲽ǣϲĻ磬Ҳˡ
ة΢ЦͷС𣿡
šةͷ˷ܡ
ȥúѧ
ء
ةԱ߿һŸɽιԺ
ٿһȺѧʱͲôˡ
ԣǸ˭
ҢһаġһȴǲѰС³㿴ĿɿڽһԷ
ǰүͷ˵ʱҾͲǴҲҢЦų˹
ة褲ŵĿʱѧ
ǵ졣Ң۽üҶЦ⣬ͻ˱֮ǰҪ
¿κҽܸͬѧʶ˵գةգһ۾첽ȥϰ䡣
ü˵˵ûССء
ةһЦǰֺҳԴ׵˼
ةةͬһҡͷԵʥ¡
ةŸɽڽ濴һǰιۡ
¿κ޼ҵС̷ɱѰة褡ҢҲպùһµĸ
ة褽ܵӸȥҢ˵
Сةܲʣ򣬴ôˣ
˵ȥǱ߸˵֪ء
ةƶǶĵͷתͷة֪𣿡
ةСƵ˵˼ÿ˳мˣҪѣ鶼Ҫ
ޣС
һߣҢܸةʶͬѧǸһѻ
໥ʶ˵ǰǰʼѧϰģҹźܷԣ֧֡ԺѧϰľˣǰҲඥ͹ŵĹϵڲ֪иˡ
뿪Ҫؼҡÿѧ
Ңة˵ŮӰѧﻹһλԴЩķˣԺһλʦķˡ
ة褵ͷ԰ԺĺøжȲǡ
ھǿһԺոŮӡԸһ𣿡Ңᣬ۾
ةԥĵɣȹǵľǻʲôӰ졣
Ңҵʱϸǡ
Ҫѧϰһ£Ȼؾμǣ֮ŻﱸѧԺοⲻ׮С£Ҳϣܾ濼ǡ
˵ºҢة˵Ժʼĩ⼸ѧϰ˵㵸
ةǳǳЦţҲ
ϣةסԺ
˯ǰة褰Ң˵˵һ
һ£˵ʲôȥɣҶֻ֧֡ǣҪԼΪһʱȶ嶯
šة˲䣬㡣




40     Ժ

Դְͳ, ѵÿдʱة褣ﻹôһС
ʱ, ة褵˯ԽԽϲ̲סչȥһ£һԽʰ
ة褻û˯ͱѣ۾һƺȥ, ة褷˯
ϧ˯˲û˯ţˡ
ίĺߺ, ة褱ӵةתرԼ
̫޷˲ʹ˸Ѿһ緹
СѾߺȥ޷˻ػ, ޷˷˺ͶӶ緹ͷ
ֱʱị̃ة褲
ةԼϴ£󱻱ǰ
ةԼ, һֻ, һֻι
һ޷˵Ѿ, Լ˹һͿҨһι, ûۿӣתˡ
ľæү˸ˡ
ةһ£̶бһۣ౵һ, ˳Ѳոˡ
ةƲƲ죬˵ҳԱˣȥϡ
áСĵĽŵϣԼš׼ȷ˵ǳԵѾˡ
źֻСƬ̣ɻشЪ
޷ֲʹ˸СѾ߹֪ЪˣһһѾı飬̾˿
ȵ޷˼ةʱʱ
޷ֹ˺ðΣ̶ĳĶة˵үǺ£ڷҪýơ
ةٿСͨ죬εС˵ѵϢֵþЩ
޷˵ͻȻ䵽ة褵Ķϣ˼˵ǳа꣬ӿжˣ
ة褷ӦĸʵǺ£΢΢죬صûСʵĵҲӵ飬һӵкĺӣһֺ»
ҪǣӣкܶԺˣһǲܾܾˡ
Σة褲Ϊ⣬Ȼڵȴ޷ܡ
¼˳Ȼ޷룬Ӷºг¡ֻةиӣ⵱Ҳ̤ʵЩ
ة褵ͷתƻ⣺ȥɽ˵𣿡
ǵģ㸸׶ɽܳ羴
ĸףѵԺȥҳԺתת
ãȥɡ
ةһصͷߺ˵㣬ĸǰΪˣ˵Ҫơ
ڨڨЦδϱƤĸô˵ȷʵЩΪˡĸ˻˵ʲôˣ
˵ة褶סʶĲӵ⣬رˡź£ԼӣҪͱ˷ˡ
ţ
Ǻú漸죬ɷɡ
ĸ˹ǣҲһַɷʽ˵գͱة褡
ةﷳӵ飬һ
㻹Ǿʢʹةûһš
ΪԲһ£лϱ佱
ة褺ߺţ˵οΡ
ã˵ɽڿΣһȥʵղҲڿˣղΪѧǽ˻⻰ǲҸة褵ġ
ةüһ䣬˵˯㲻ңҪɽΡ
ղ֪ʶԨڿʱݵ䣬ǳĽʥ͵ѧθ˼·ߡ
ة褾۾ţεة褵ץ棬ӭžһĴ
ʱղͣ½οǣѧҲɵĻͷ
εЦһ£ղһµĽΡ
¿κة߳˽ҡ
ҢЦǣȤүܺʱεضĿġ
ة޵ķ˸ۣҲⲻѾҢ
ǵȻҢǽ˵
ةզࡣ
ʱҢһȥ䳡
Զة褶˵Ҳѧ䡣
ҽ㡣Ц˵
ةϸı飬Щȵ˵ҸҢߵýξȻһⶼûС
Ժ䳡߱˵ҳԼǰҢƫۿӰ죬ﻹҳԴף
޼Сģ˰£ҲҪѡ
᲻
ǵ䳡ʱ򣬽ʦ׼ʼϿΣڿҪϰ
һѹȡһͲȻʹةϡ
ةȻ̵İѼĹȻѰˡ
վ󣬡ٷֿЩͼͬһ߽˵һӵ칭аġ
ةԸӼͲȡһ֧ԶЩԼ
ԹԵ˺ЦӯӯĿѰС
ةԼϰֱʮ֧߰ڰϲͣϢ
Ĵָϱ츳
ة褺˺ߣʮְİ°͡
ʦ߹˸˵ʲŹүү̵úãѧÿ졣
ʦˡ
ˡҴ󵨣ɷүѧǰ¶һ֣
ɨһȦѧǣڴƣһüͷʦĿѰζ
ʦʶĺ˰벽
Ц˵á
ʦǵ룬ѧѸмļǰԲȥ
ةΣյۣƵ˵үʵ£ƣǲԼݣ
ʦæ˵үˡûΪү˼ǳõĽϰڼ߽׵ϰͭģĿǰѧöͭס⾫ͨʦеĸҲ
ǲЩ˵ͭ塣
ʦȵĿһ˲˻Ұҡŵöͭ塣
ة褵ĵĿүЩˡ
û£δ֡Ժ߳ѧǸиҵˣ볯Ϊٵĸǲǰ¶һ֡ܽշ֣ԽĳҲкô
δǹ֮£ҪΪѩܡ
ѡһѳȫעĿͭڿн㣬Գɫİġſţͭƺ޷Ŵ󣬶ǰƺ˺׵ģӰ
ݵһöֱֱͭ䴩˰ġ
ʱټ䳡ѻȸ׶
ѧǼͳݵĿߺţү䣡
ة褱ɣЦݾþ²ȥ
³ة뿪䳡
ة˷ܵС˵ģļôģͭôСôԶһôеģ
ҾһҪ㳤žһĨǳǳĻȣǴɽɽ磬ˬҲᡣ
ͻҡةߣȴüۣ·ɽȪ£Ҳ
ͨͨţŲ㶪棬Ҳ档
ةգһ۾ЦŨˡ




41  ѧ   Ǿƺ

պ, Сں޼һͬؾ
ӪٵͰٱ濴ȥ
ة褳Լ϶լڸ, ԽЩŲŲļˡ
ոһգڵˬʱ
ǿʼҢŵջ˳츮Ϳշɹ, о١
ةյҢӣȥƹݸԼ
Ңó̷µؼ𣬡ףо, һô
ة褵̷˵ľƣҲǵôӦ£ԥԥ
Ң޵ķ˸, ˵Ǿ͵үʱүһɡ
áة褵ͷ֮ǰƺ, ʹӦʱξƲմ
, ѧʶӦھĩλ, òǹİɣ
ҢٺЦˡǱʵ, עĿȵ꿪Ĵǣһˡ
ةһЦЦ֮ΪǣƽĹ, ϵĴٹô࣬Щٵĸ˾μӿƾ֮¶ԸǺʱԼ£һռҡ
һЩװ
ةҡͷʼΪ²ף̫֤Ҳ볯Ϊ٣ٴӳ顣
Ҫһġҵ˵ʴ·ῳԴĿҲ󡣡
㻹ҪԺأҪ黹ܶࡣ
ҢͷһΣǲμӣҪȵˡ
ʱ䣬԰ԺˡةֻȰμӴǵͷǲͬǣ¶ķ̫ˡ
ҢԴʵ᲻ة褵˼أ˵ֻǲġ
ة΢΢Ƭ̶̣˵Ҫ¸߳˼Ңܣةûи߹
Ң㶣۽üҶ͸Ц⣬ĻҲԽԽ󣬡ѣûн
Ҳֵýύѡ
ҢЦÿģ˵үߣүǻϸǰĴˣүıٺòˡ
ǣة褻ظʱة褺Ңһ۾Ŀ
ôˣ
Ң˵ү󡣡
ةԵͷ
ɫصةߣ˵˵
Ң۹Լة褣˵үҲμ˴˴ǣ˾ˡ
Ŵ˵ĵҢ棬
ү֤Ҳ볯Ϊ٣ҲսɳͲӦú𡣡
ҲΪ𣬸ҲΪ͢ЧΪı
үԸ𣿡ҢϲĿ
ȴ΢΢ü˵ŮӿƿˣˣԷ㴥˵øΪ١
ǰûʵͬةʱʵѾ̽ʵ۵̬ȣǺѡ
Ңæл
˵³֮лҲ١
Ңмӣ뿪ƹݵʱ򣬰̷˵ؼǴˣǿӲľ
ص򿪾̳ţ˱ǣ˵ѹľƹôãžͲ
̷֮ǰµأҢΪףԼоٲóġ
ԭˡ
ƾٵ£мɰ˵ϣ
һɡ

ϴΪҳӪǽʾ֭˵áҢҽ¸ңȻȴľԻ۾
һϣû𣿡ة褵ⲻ˼֡
ǰƱЩ¾Ʋ˹
ЩˣһЩ
ةһüۣЦⲻ۵ףƱһ
ȳԵˣȡ
ѵõģѾǳة褹ˡ
Ƶαţ߿ޱ˵ʵҲμӿƾ١
ȵة褿۵˯Ժ󣬰ϣΪ˯£ٸһ£۵С˯һɡ
պة褺ҢһｨԺѡַƣƸȫΪæòֺ
УѵĻ
ǳ˸⣬ǰԺѧʿξԺɽ
ξѧʶԨȺְ̫̫ͺԺѧʿιƾ٣ڶҲܸߡ
Ңǰ򸮰æ˵үӺ⴫ҵ󣬵ҪԺֻӡ
ة褺ҢԵŰݷãүӵ̬Ⱥȷ
ξ˵չӵĳǺõģ˳ʵʫԻȻŮ겻ͬϯԺҪôֻӣҪôֻոŮӣһա
Ң˵ϴ˵˼ǵˣǴЧ긮İԺŮְڿΡ
ξܹ黹ǲ׵ġ
ة˵֮ҪϴΪϴɽǵ壬ԺģҲԡ
ξһ٣õǼ
ة褳Ͽҵ˵뽫ϴΪԺ
ξ˵ˣϲ衣
ϲĹξ겻ɫĹ۲ة褺Ңϸš
ССһڲ裬˵ɷҿԺͼֽ
Ңϲóͼֽ˵ǰͼֽˣԭϴ˹Ŀġ
ξ꿴ռؼԺƣ۵¶һĨͣʵַأ
Ң˵̵յʦѷֱһλ
ة褲䣺ԺĻԺЭļѵȷԺİȫ
ξͷãϷͬˡ
ξĳ棬Ժ죬ʽʼת
һߣȨм䡣
Դϴڻƹݺة̸֮ʱԼİ飬ȫ̽游֮£鵽
ة褣ɫصĶ˵Ӧң⻰Ч𣿡
֪౻ˣ
鵽һɫ԰ףȥ·ʱᵹ¡
ة褵ͷЧ
ۿͨ죬ʵǰ˸˵游²û֤ݣһֱԸš
һǰ֪ģϺ̲ס¡
ǣڶ˵ˣ˻˵Ϊ֤
˭ģ
κĶˣѩңұˣƺ˵ġ
˼ֻǰϺһֱû֡ϺǣͶˡ
ة΢΢˵²Ѿնıңûô򵥡
򴽣ˣǲ𡣡
ة褲Ѳµĳˣӣ

ֻҪ֤ȷ䣬һүϣΪ෭
л
֣صʩһ񣬶˵˵̰֮Ӻ²Ǽ޻游
ִð游дŵ˱źڶϡôʹκΪһš
Ƿţȥң㲻ҪԼ
ŴĬðβŵͷл
ȵظ¸ˡ
ץӵĺβͣŵİѱ֮
ة褲ĵ˵᲻ΪϺһ巴ǣ
ܣҵǷ˵ߣҪƾһŻԶԶ




42  ʱ   ƾ׺ķ

ǷŰ, ؿӿ뾩ǣ׼μĴǡЩѳΪ˵ģǰѾˡ
ʵյΪ, ȫִ󿼣ȫЭ
ԴӶٺż̤ƣòл͡
Ҳæµţ, ֮ؽŽÿյĳѲߡ
ͬʱ˵ǷűӶһͷ˳
˼ʼ, ȷԭ²Ͻıʼ
֪Ϣ󣬰ԼһϣôŽûӦ˵ڶ죬ֻ۾׵û, İ˰졣
ȻϽֻһ, Է
ֱǿ, ת
һǰϦ, ˰뵽
óһֽ˵տԽ, ﷢
ֽдĸ֣й⡣
΢΢˻˵˵Ǿܳ뿼ĹԱߡṩ֤ݣṩʱԻṩ
ûҪйһǼ١ƿǳ͢ѡ˲ŵͷȴ, ݲסϣȰæ֤йһǷʵ
ĵһ£ʵ˴
Եʵϣּ顣
Ǵ˴οƾٿԵ٣ֻ»ᱻϽܷ
ɫΪ٣ƾһ£Ѵ̡
ˣˣһᾡ¡˼ֻв࣬޶ȵıȫˡ
ة褲ĵ
ƾٿδΪ٣ҹйȥ˵·Ųš
ǣһة褾ͼæʵ׽ȥʲôˣ
ûС
ҡ
յһдй⡣Ҳһ顣
ة褲̾Ϣһƾףܣʱֹܷοƾֳӣҵĸճ
ȲҪôģ·ѾԸȥˡͷ
ԺܿͽˣľҲɡڼǰйһ˻ʵۡ
ҵ֤ݵյϢ֪˽ʥæʹ
鷿ڣʵɫ˫ϥأ䡣
ֶ˵үۼȰʱٹ
ͷΪͨҪ¼
ֿܹܵλӣȥΪͨˡ
ڣԣ˵ϣڱοƿҪ
ʵ΢΢ۣ˵
ϣѲܿ¸й¶⡣֤ݡ
ãʵƾףҲѴ̡
ף
ϣ²Ǳ濴ô򵥣ٸʱ䣬һˮʯ
ʵʵ˻ν⣿
ϣֻ֪ܳ뿼ǰ⡣Ϊڲɴε֪ǰӦ۶ϡ
䣬ֻ֪Ŀй¶ȥģ޺֪
Լһ£Żػϣ˾ְأ
û㡣
˵й¶
ʵۿһƽľĸһдŲĺͲЦһƾ֮ġ
ˣɡֻʱ䣬ڸһң˴οƾٻûء
æּл
߳鷿˵ү㲻ˣʵʮָжûѶӼ޴ˡ
ةʮֵˡ
̾ʵֻʱ䣬үмɰգ
ɡʵûɣ̫ڵġ
ʱȷʵܸϣŶõǽټϿԽ˳츮ŵ֣İֻڰ飬ٻǷȱЩ
ýץɽѶϵɸϵʱλɴȴѾԾˡ
Ȼ˳츮ŵʬóĽȴǱձкġ
ɱɱ˲˷롣
¹ˣʱȣһò³
ֵҵǣ³߾Ӫʮ꣬͸֮ԶǵĳܿͰˣܸڽֹڽ
ʵۿϵ֤ݣе㵣˫صĴ㵡
ΪúΣʵȷʵˣ׵Ŀܸ֪й⣬ȫİţݺͬʱûڳϰԼˡ
ڶ̶̵ʱھͲ鵽ô࣬ͬԶԶʵ۵Ԥϡ
ʵƵƵʵô鵽Щģ
ϣ˰ɱԾļ󣬳˳ɵȥ鵽ġɲ̱ƹգڡ˵¶׺ı顣
ʵЦһ¡
ֱ߳ʹžԼһ亹
ҹĻ٣صʱһȵ鷢ˡ
Ϻ˫˫жԪ뵽˾ȥʱ
һʱ俴ة褣ة̾ôǹȥɡ
ԪĨ˰ᣬ鸴ӡ
ѩΪ˴¡
ة褵ʱϷ˺ϹҲպõ
Ϸ˿ݣ˵ţŴŭա
æ˵ˣ㶼ˡ
ʱ˿
Ϸ˺Ϲ˵ϺߣĵĿ̲סֲ˲ᡣ
Ԫ˵ߣʲͣ
Ҳ߹һۣûһСľȻһѳ飬ûϢ
ة褿ȥһ
ʱڨڨЦһ£п಻˵үĵط£Ҳԩĺܡ
ةЦЦĿһۣתͷʴ򣺡ʲôʱѣ
ʱ
ة褵ͷԼ
ةǸΣ֪ǲѳ飬ɵ¡ӦҪȴٳûнչ
ةͻȻõ䣬Լ
Լ˰ʱϺѹκ˵ôˣ
Ϸ˺ɸֵ˵һСһжˡôôģΪôˣҪá
ϺعĻܣ۵׵
ʱҲתѡͣʹޣΪʲôû
ة˹ȥ˵ƹӣҴӦ㡣
ԪſڴͷߵûңһֱȨмȡϢ׶ġ
ǵģҽ͡Ϻҡҡλεı
һƿһ˵ҵ˵游Ǳݺġ
ÿ£ӲǸӣȿ֮¡Լˣ֪һУȴİȻƭĸ顣
Ϻһһ䣬ͣҲʡ
ĬĬ˼ţ£û㹻֤ݾͽ౻ݺʵΡ
иֵ¶ǰƣָղ߻˿ƾװݺ٣һԣ
˵ƹڿ´߶
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ㶡̶´˵ԡ
ٴ˸ƣʱܾʹһӽϹˡ
ø磬ҪʲôɩôҲڣ𾪵Ŀӡ
ԸϺҽʥ
ǡǰǷԸ⣬ǿӲİϺˡ
ҹ֪ĳһһʮ
ʵ۲ŵĿҪؼҵĺˡ
ϣ˿ڹ١

ʥ˵֪ĻҪࡣ
Ԥϵʱ˺ͣȻûʵ֤Զҡʵеĳ˳ӡ
ʵʵϺأ
ػڹ⣬нء

ʵϺϺµǻ췦ڻйˣֻסĸ׺ò
һΣӱΪóھǡ




43  ƽ   

ָ, ˴ѩ̥ͬǰͨ͸
ة褼˸ı䣬Ϊе, ּûԴԺæҢҲûˣԱŤһ£ͬˡ
ԭеܺͰ¹Ϊͬ, ҽѡ
һߣĻ׼ʿ½ϲ¡
ʱ, һ⼱ʹ
Ѳɱˡ
̫ͻȻʵŭټس¡
ϵƸ, 뺷Գ͢˵һѿеĹͷʵ۾ƽѣ, ǳ˷硣˾ټĻ, Ҳ˾ټӡ
ĻӸ, ̰ͼ֣ʵ᲻֪
ʵƵ, ƽǹغ͢Ĵ£Ӷáͨ죬ûΪ˧Ի᲻ڶ
ٽʱѾյϵϢҲ˵˴ڳϵķ硣
ʵۿżɽ˵, 췴Ըƽѣ
Ը
ҪȨһ̣
ʵּյΪ˧
Ϣһ𾪣֮ȴ־Ԥ֮С
ʱʵһ䣬ةͬС
ʼջΣյģУܷİΣ
ϣŮӣѧ峵泼ܽ⳼˼֮࣬һΪƽѳıߡ
˼֮Ҫİɡ
죬ϡ
㵹ʵϡʵĿⷢĿˣҲ˵ʵ˧Ҿ˵ǳ˵ҾھΪʡ
˾ˣ˳ة褣̫󰡡
޲ܿ
ʧ뿪
ڼةʱԼߣ;Ӫةֺγһ飬ǲ͵ǡ
ͱԱЭ̵ǲͻԱݾá
պʱ
ةվڳǽž뿪ķ򣬾þòԸȥҢͳһȰŰȰߡ
о;ϢʱĿں峽
ԴЦ˵үһݾ
峽˵˵ҪүҪҲŹ
ųʱة褣˾͸˰ѹʱһ¡
СŹҲˣһӪսˡ
͵һܵļ򣬡Сӣүˡ
ں峽Լߡ
Ȼ峽˫˫ⳡƽ֮սϡ
뱣ǲ
ٽʱѾƵۣǡ
ӪկڽһͬոʧصĲԡ
¸Ľǳĺʮǰ
ǽزɳµôӭս
򵼣ϸѯʹơŽʿʿߣһոһǡ
ǣʱֻ̫˳ò
͵ذӪɳ
ڲʣѾڽڰˣҾʿǣүΪβʤ׷
峽峽ΪΣ
峽΢΢ü˼ѾǸϵǰǳأɼսҾսʱ˵̫죬ǿҾ롣
͵ĵͷɳָǿ⴦ϿһǱؾ֮Ҳô޻ءǶԷ죬Źһλá
峽˵үҪһ
ˡ΢΢ۣأ峽ڣ½ȥ졣
үԸ
Ѿź򵼣Ǵϼˣһװҳһɹͨ·ߡ
ǣ
ں峽ɳСӼǰн̽ʵ
ȻѾ쿴̽͢ʵٷ򲻹ͱرˡ
ʵʵټ٣˶͸ҪԼ졣
Ѿں峽ɳȥˣһǵϢ
ڣں峽˺ϢǷһ֣Ƶ
ƽһ¼һʴֻнûй̡
ûоɹο֪ڵôսģսеδ֪˿־壬ͬʱҲȺӢµĽʿǵս
һԭʼɭ֣ľïܣգһͷһصԭʼ䡣
Ҷ͢һڶǰ߹֡ˣҪϿȺѾսҲô·
վڴ˵ӰĿֲ棬ʲôʲô棬ʲôӣɵһļ¡
ʣø磬ǰ𣿡
˿˵ȥѾҽ
ǡܵתͷ԰һλҽ˹
Ծҽ˵ʲô߷ҩ
ҽԼ˼Ѳµ⣬ĻصУࡣ
˵ȫַȥͬʱǼӿơ
ǡ
ŴǰУ˶ϸţǰӡ
ȻһȺĶĥȴ˱Ѫ
жٶȷɿ죬ವϮ
ʱҽ𣬱ҧȫף̶С
ҩѸٱ˳ȥȺ롣
˫߬߬ȭǰСеʱԽԽΣգǺĲ
߳ȺΧӭǵʮҰˡ
һǰͨȻǵԣȴ֪ӰζſҪ߳ˡ
ͻȻҰĳì̴򵼵š
Ұӷ˹࣬ʤϤ֣ж
һʱ֮䣬ʹǴҲʮû취
Ŵ˸ƣΪʿߵһԾڲѸƶһҰ˵ǰ
򵼷Ļûж⣬ϣܽ
Ұ˵ĻҲ򵼷˹סԭ·ҲѾǽȥˡ
ԭʼ˵ͣ˵͢жΣգǳ˺ѪĹ
Ӵԭʼܿͱϴˡ
峽粻֮࣬˵һ䣬򵼷һ䣬ֱҰ˵ƵƵͷ
Ұ˻ȥҰ˴һͷƵѸǰ
ԭʼȻҰδȴĵҲᱻǹʹ
ǰҰ˵Ĵ߳ʱľԴһͻȻɱͳ͢Ӵ
һ̣̱ӣⲫһɱ
ֱҹʧأѾųˡ
࣬ʬҰ
ִһս㹻ǿʼսԼȫ˧̬ѱһһ˰ǣĲ䣬ǰС
Զھǵة褰ҹѣͷ󺹡
μˡ
ة´ƵƣóյƽŷĿͼѰοдһСʮȥϡ
ة
ȻϢة褻͢ս
壬ҲǱɡ
ة褵ȵ³ѯսʱ򣬺̫ҲĿ
Ц˵մĽݱռǳѾȫոˡ
ʱ̫˶Ψةɲ
ةʵ壬ݱϳɣսϴǼգ
֪˵عڵģң壬ү῭顣




44     ة褱

պ, ة褵Ĳõӡ֤Ϣжˡ
ʱ, ةֳԱߵϣɺæǰ¡
Сʮ֪ʲô
Ļҽ鲻Ҳû
ة˫ֽȭ, 񾭣ԽʱԽܻ, Խܵ¡
Ϣ֪͢𣿡
ǹƣᴫ
Ȼҹ, յϼλɴҴҹʥ
ʵ۵ɫۿɼıףĬ, Żڣк⣿
ص, սǧ, Ӧɱ֧Ԯ˧
ʵĿⷢĿ, ϣңк⣿
صϣǰ˧ףӦ̻ҽǰ, ͬʱҽǰϡ
˵ϣ򲻿ɣ͵ȫ˶֪Ҿ˧жС˳͢
񷴲˲ִ
ˡʵ۵ƽҲΣգ鷿ڶʱѻȸ
ӪһСӾҽǰϣϣ̳
ߣϸʶӳ
ǱߣةҲѾĳˡ
ڶ򸾽ʥ
̫˴ӵŹԻʵ˵ةϵ˽ǰսأȴҲпԭ
ΪѵĻʵһ̨ף˸һ⼱ţ;ة褵٣ͬ
ʱפľӪ˧ԲѣʼЩ
ʱһϺг˾Ӫ⣬ƿԾ
ϳڼС
ʦ
ӷƶɮ򡣡
ڼϵʱķԸԼԳĻ֡ûţǰ
ҽ߳ԹƺͶоΪ󣬼˿ڴڷ˹ơ
ܼʦ𣿡
ӷүĹƣڹƳ棬ɲҩ
ʱϲüңǲͷŭ
үйƣ
ǽ󣺡ֻһϸС˿ڣĹƵĹƳͿڡ
ʱܰյңΪ˾ңøͲ㲻Ǹϸĵ
ļ򣺡ʦɷܽ⣿
ĹʮֽƶɮҪһʱоһ¡
æֻҪʦܾø磬κҪ󶼿ᡣ
Ȼû֨Ѿ˵һС
º󣬾ҽ޲ߣֻɢ֮󣬴ʱѡҽ
һţС赶һá
ܲüʦҪõͱǡ
˫ֺʮȡүָѪΡ
ԥһ£ذСĵָССĴһ£ѪȻѸָٰ
峽רŰһӪʸְʿӪΧסƱо֮
ǵҲ⣬ֻרоĹơ
Ѿ֪͢ӵ˧ԲѣʱĶǷ
ة褵ʱڽս
ŴҲڲԶɽϣϸ۲ս֡
ة褵ĿԶĵӪ˵ϸƵӪ󷽷һѻ𡣡
˳߿ȥͷǣĩȥ
һѻ𣬽˳͢ӵȼü֮ѾѸٳء
ة褱˧оʣص齱ߣͷһᣬ̾ˡ
ܵ˾ĵͷȰֲȰ
ة褲˲ᣬ˵λ̫ҽѾҽҲ
̫ҽ̽Ϊ
˵ʦ˵үĹƣ˿Ӫо֮
ةæ˵ȥʦ
Ϊо߲֮ݣͷҩ֡
ӷƶɮƳһҩԽƳȻֹƳĽ֮һǣڵĹƳ治뿪壬һ¶˿ڣү˿ڿһܳһָ׸ǵĿȡڹƳƶʱѸնɱȻתƵһϡ
ǾͿʼɡةóĻذ׾ҪԼŵֹ
СʮذףֵĿ
ܶ˵Լ˵ɩӣøΪ˾ҲŻУ
ة΢΢û˸ðաܲУξһǳүõܣҸ߷²С
ةעܵ۾ò˵ţ׼նɱƳ档
ȫܶ⣬Ҳŵʵ룬Ľ˴תƹƳ档
ǡޱӦγЯĶС
õỮ˿ڣЩƳҩۡ
Ƭ̺һֻѪϸĹƳ滺䶯˿£̽ĶƬ̣Ѹײڶ֮Ծһʵ˿ڡ
һƳ汻ΣѸٻѪˮ
Ϣ˿
Цһŵļ򣬴ֵ˵ţģز¶
峽޵ķ˸ۣɵһߡڳôཫ죬ĸһһĺ֣ةȴֱӵɱƳ棬ɼ֪ŵı¡ټգ峽Ѳ³ŵݡ
Ϊ˿°Ȼ˸ҽΪҩܵ˿ڣҲ̫ҽˡ
̫ҽ;ҽҽ֮
ةס֣ʵʦʲôʱѣ
һţƳѳصģүʱѣ̫ʱ
лʦة褷ԸʦȥϢϡ
ǡ
ҲȥɡѾǳǹʲ󣬿ֻٴϮ
ǣ
ºةѵºЬӣɵࡣԲѵģة褲ֿˡ
쵰ҲԼġ
ةӣһ˯ˡ
Ϊ˾Ϲÿմ󲿷ʱ䶼ڸ·Ķƣ۲֪ΣգҾߣʹսأʱΣգة褻ǰȵ˯ˡ
ĺɫ٣Ӫؿʼ˻ѡ
۾һƫͷͿ˳˼ĺˣԼС
˶ָԼһ¡
ةиӦ۾Ŀӣֿˣϲ
أ쵰ˡة褱ޡ
ĺ󱳣һڣͷԼɤӸơ
ةæɿ齵˱ˮιȡ
鿴ڵվڼ׵ʵɩӣøǲˣ

ܼʱ˫ͨ죬ø磬Բ𣬶ҵĴҺ㡣
Ϲ˵ʲôأô㺦ˣ˵˵ڵս
ѸĨһᣬսϸ˵
΢΢˵ȥѸǶй
ǡתȥˡ
ة褱˱죬ϢȴҲ֪սҪǲѾ֪ѹʱ򣬶ǷһϮ
ϱǶҡ
ةߣȴȫɣЦ⡣ûʲôܱѹֵø˵ˡ
ͬةǰľ϶һة褽ӹιԡ
ɵ㶵죬ةɵЦ
פһľϲųǽȥ




45  ʤ   

˧תΣΪ, ҹϮӪɹʿǡǰУϸء
һСֱ, ͢ӶһˮļĳӶ԰
ذ󣬻үˮ̫޷д⸽ΨһһűѾٵˡƵ, Ҫ໨ʱ䣬ҲΣա
ͽʱة˺ӱߡ
һʯͷӽˮ, ϴĲοˮķӦ
ة૵ûдûţôӣ
ʱ, һˮðͷˮһֻͻȻϮץסͷˡ
ة룬ֻιȥ, ߷ɹȥˡ
, ѡ
˼Ϊϡ
ةͻȻһ, ץסּ˵źСʮṦܺãԲԣ
ԡ˼, ԹӣǾӹȥ
ةȴǣ˵ǰ˵Щطɽվļ, ûа취ţذչȫƾһһϵɽϣһϵڶ԰
ͷ̫Σˡ
Ҫƽ֣˷һԡṦõ˴ƤһԾ԰ķʽȥ̫࣬ʮӡ
۾к⣿
ЩǵԣѾٵΪ˲ҾȥײĽʿϵˣ᲻·
ˣӵķѾ˵һةϣټ¡
ҹźСʮƤһṦ˶԰ʮûķʽҲˡ
ǱӪ󷽣Ӻļ
Ѿ԰Ӫȫûˣ˶ˡ
ǽǲ֪ƵǺ󷽣Ϳɱˡ
˼٣͢졣
˼Ƭ̣ǳ԰ȥ
ԭھӪضʮﴦΣһͿŸˮݣˮ¡ţˮûϥ¡
Сֱȫӣ͢Ӿں߽ȫߣ˳ص԰ڵس
ȫԳ͢Χ׷½أıɾɱ
ǰͻص˱ԽԽ࣬ҽ̫ҽæһ̲ͣ
ة褴ľ˱Ӫ֣ɫۺΧȹҲմȾѪۡ
ⲻһ˱ͷȫˣѪܡ
ة褰˱ҶٵΪϴ˿ںͷϡ
˱ʹȥȻûп޳ᣬȴʹ˵ˣǸ¶Ҳûϱ
ةＫ񳤱һѵ˵ȴӮⳡ̣ΪҸϱ
ߵսѺݺĨ˰ᣬ˵ûУ˵ҪϱһҪȻͳԴˡ
һҹ˫ء
ԡѪة褼һ̣Ĵʯͷ˵ء
һȫѪա
ة褱ͷһᣬˮˣ£Ҳ¡
̧ͷʶԼִ˿վ˻ȥ
ةæ˫ץסջȥָֻԼͷϣõջȥ𣿡׿ˡ
ĴǲĻ𣬡ϵѪ඼ǵ˵ģֻһƤˡ
ԣةæʣߴҩ˵·ˡ
࣬ӣף⿪ѡ
ةϸȫȷ϶ֻЩС˲ŷģΪҩ
˵ַ
Ҹ˱˿ġ˵꣬ة褴һˡ
Ĭۡ
Ұؾ
˲ʱة褸һԼ
ة褣Ҳġ
뿪Ҿܷˣة͵ЦһϸأȽǣͲ߲ϵؽ磿
Ĭ˼ȷة褵İȫ
ףةЦһ˵У˭˵Ҫʱ̲ģ˵Ļô
˵ƿԡ
ڣةһߣ߳Ӫʡ
Ҫȥ˱أЩ˱ϵƿɱ쵰ضˣҪԼ
̾æѣ˱Ӫ鿴Ͱ
үû£ġ
үЩæǵƣҲûкúϢ
˱һһ䣬֪ةôȹġ
Ŀæǰæة褣ĵһƬ
ûȥة褣ǻصоʼоս֡
ة˷Լ˵ķ߽оʡ
ϴֳԷɡ
á
Ĳϴ֣źϱš
ȥ˱Ӫˣ˵ԱѾõΡ
š
ة褣ҵĴæ
ߡ
£ұ㡣
͸ô˵ˡةߣˣˮһҰ
⼸ҲûкúϢñɡ
Ӹ˭ةб
ʱ￩һ£æֻ㿴Ҿ㡣
ߣʤ̻ؾúòҡ
ġ
ҹӵةϣ໥ȡů
ة̲ס̾ⳡ̻Ҫòܽ
һ̴ϸǳ£ⳡƽѾúܿˡԭպҾǰУȡǡ
佾꣬ȲҪģûҪýʿǵðա
ЦԴ˲ͷš
أѾǱߵʧء
ǣǿ飬ײԲŹʹϸԹص
󣬴Ρ
һ˵үկͷ
ϵͷˣ֪νͷˣǲ졣
үĻСܹկͷ˵Ķݡ
ϸ˼կȥǵͷˡ
ةһȥ˾Уһû
կѹãԹգկ׳ǿȥ̣۵˲١
ͷ˶˵ֻҪܱ֤͢պ󲻻ǿ˰׳ԸΪүկӺͲ䣬ͬүһ֮
˼Ƭ̣˵Ա֤ͷ˵ĵ鲻ᷢҿּøΡ
Щ˵İ͢ӳֱ룬ѾĵطֱƵ¡
ƳǶ룬ʱȴ֪ˡ
æȥ׷
ة褰æƷֵǮƷٵÿ
ļҾ챻ͳһѺǰһмɫǵó衣
үǶǱ°ģǱѹȺ֮ˡˣЩˡ檿޵滨꣬ҡҡ׹мɵﵹ
һͱ˹ȥȥ͸ֵˡ
һæͷģү֪ˣү
֣ʾʿſ˵
˵ϵ˵Լ췴ɣȥͶŻɽ𡣡
΢΢üæһȥ׷ӡ
վתǴ˻ة˹˵ѸĲƱˣӦ߲Զ
ЩۻˣѾľʰ˵طȥϢӵҪȥԺ
ȵһ¡ة褿ЩҾʱͻȻһɻÿߵһλԳĸǰ

Щε檣أէһۿȥΪǸĹ衣
ة褲΢΢Сʮ֪ǰܹĩʵ¶ԭΪ˳ΪŮλôĩŮ
ǵˣ
ĸǱ𡣡ʮǰֹ֣Ϊ˶ȹΣȢλ
ةɨһȦ檣ʵԣ
Ӧսս
˵Եλͨĵˡѿλһϵص֮ˡ
ةת˵֮ǰӦԹҪΪҵŮһԹŮ
˲⣬ϵİοѾˣԹȪ֪Թġ
ʱǸ㱻ȥ˵檼æ˵ԣҪҵˡ
ŶةüԹȫʲôôֿģ
ĩҸճͽȥ̫࣬ǸʱҲû취Žġ
ĩͼϣ塣ةΣյ۾ŮͼһĻС
檾ˣæͷġǲǣͿˣʵĩŮһѾߣѾˡ
˸ƣʾŮȥ
ة褶˵Ҹղſͺһ£û뵽ʵˣԹֵ
жϣ˵ĲʵĩŮȥĩǼϢ
ӵ뿪ȱЩˣҪϢ
ĺԺһˮ鿣ůճִľϴ˽˴ﵽɨһ飬ɴ᣺ʹȫˡ
ة£˯Ҵ͹
ةæקסĸ첲ܣʧȥĹǣΪ塣˧ʲô鶼Ϊ
һ˲Цãɻ




46     칦

͢ĳǰ, һȺͬЭ͢׷ס˴ӵһˡ
ܽ׽
ڶܱ˸Ĵָһ
һ峽źûмʡ
һ˱Ѻ˻ȥ, Щɹ챦
ܸսɵĲƱة褿һۡ
ĵʣø磬ЩûеǼᣬҪҪЩ
ѧģһš
ѲƱһ֧Ǵ֬İ, ԸУʵشṹϸ, ˮͷ㣬ϵȼƷ֬
ܵתתָһ˵ø磬ҿ𣿡
, ȫȨˡ
ȥةˡ
ةһӣ֪Ǵˡ
Ҽ, ù, ûǼڲᡣ
ûеű˵ðɣ
ֻг֪, С˿Ծŵ壬ͦҰĵġ
ةҡͷʧЦ, Ǵ˵ġ
ھӪʱʶʲôˣ㵹ˣȻؾܷŸ٣Ϣ, ˳ˡ
ϣȵָ͢ɵٵ꽻ӣ׼ʦس
ͬʱ͵˻ʵǰ
ս꾡дͶ֮¡
ʱҴңʱѺһˣ㻨ҵʱŵִﾩܡ
ٹٳӭӡ
ڸͷϣѧة褰ࡣ
ٹټ
ڳ͵ӪֻйĽױǡ
һգ˿˸߲ҵפΧۡ
ʵڹа칦硣
ϯʼǰȨ
ΪǣҳİΣ˽ǰϣˡ
ʵջرȨȷҳϣﻹ׷ة¡ο֪ˡ
壬Ϊƽϳıߣй͡
ϣսĲȡһ֧һ塣
ʵ΢̶ɵĹЦ͵ˡ֮⣬ʳǧƽ
ǿϱ˻ʵ۸ʹȫǲߣĲƱʵ۵˽͹һ㶼顣
л¡
ʵĵͷ˵̫ÿճիƽȥ˼ҡ
ǣȥˡ
ҴȥıӰʵ۲ɵЦһ
˵үҲ֮ˣԻϺ̫Т
ʵ⵭Ƴһۣæ¹
ˣ´βٷ
ǡĨһ亹
ٹʱةѾ̫˵ˡ
ة褽յս˵ףȴҲ꾡
ҲԼ˽ģҪ̫˵ΪҪ̫ģҪ̫֪о̹еգ֪ðΣΪ͢սɳġ
󣬲̫ͼæǰ
ҵĹģ˵Щˣйƻԡ̫ǵ۾ˮ
ֻ̫һЩˣƳҲˣȻҲվǰˡ
̫Ӳ˲ᣬ۲ѡ
ةȰȰ˵̫ѹȥүҪ̫ǰˡ
̫ΪЦ˵á֣ҲѹˡҾ͸ø߸˵ġ
Сڼ̫˵˻
󣬻ʵۺ̫һͬϯة褰Сֻһ£˱֪ڻʵۺ̫ǰж졣
칦ʽʼ˿ңƽ
ϯ䣬ϵƣ߲ܣһȫˣܿͺȵ졣»ҹװ·װװüƭˡ
ةСȵòˡ
䣬ة褾ͰǰľƱÿˡ
ڳˣ˾֪ٸˡ
ϯ䣬˸ͷˡ󣬱һ涷ޡ
긧٣һس
ةֻÿϧó߹ò˲գȴƫƫѴô˵ط
һգ̫ЦףʵҲꡣ
绪ߣȥľ
绪۵͸ĿⴥϯλʱֲųԹ⡣
ԼĸƱǹµȴǱˣ绪Ĳ
룬еĸӷģ͸Т
绪Թ̫ǿңة褸ܵȵߣ˵ڿǡ
¹װ˰ͷϱϡ
ʵע⵽ߵʵة褣ǲǺˣ
ػϵĻүոˣЩơ
ȴȥơ
ǡ
˻ʵ۵Ļة̾ͷϯˡ
ߵ԰ʱة褴е̣һ˴徲شš
ة褵Цҹڷߣʺϸɻ¡
ة褸ܵĶɴ۾ͬ԰ǻʹ
ة褣ܡܾίĺߺߡ
ةˣҸεĵط
ʱֺǺǵıѸת˼ɽ
֪˶ãЪЪ
ةĿºŻڣͲ㡣
һֻȵһֻеΪ
ͻȻнŲСû졣
磬ĸƽڡ
ƽմӣ˴ƽйǸѡ
硭
ãΪǵĽίһ£òãҼ̳дλһӭȢҵĻʺ󡣡
Ϊ˱磬Ըκ顣
ñãϯϰɣñ˷֡
ߣǴЩʱ䡣
Ǳϸġ
Ļһߣ̱ĿҧгݵƭҸ黹ңĵͦ
ԭվ˻ɢָֻľӣŻϯ
ɽ˲
ЦǣĻϵ໥飬໥ã˼
ة̾һҪ㣬áСӣҪСƫƫɷã㲻ҪҲɷҪ
˵Ҷûʲô顣Լ˭Ҳס
ة˲䣬˵ʰһ£Ҳϯϰɡ
á
ͬʱ˴󹦵Ҳܵǰδеĵǿҹעв͸¶׵˼
Ǵǰܵ£򸾾ֱİöˡ
ڣº͵ܣûпеĹȥ˵ϡ
ĸ׵ĻûС
ҪȰ࿴šԼˣֻҪԷף㸸׾Ϊȥס
лĸס




47  ҩ   Ѻ;Ǻ

, ػؽͳ˾ָʹ㱨
ܱӷƷҲص˽Ӫ, ͬͳһڡ
λٵºܲ˵ø磬ţθͳġ
һгһϳԼ
ϼصǳڼ, Ӫ顣
ܻ˵ʱϸ꣬𾪲ѡ
λˣûΪʲôЩ, λʲôɻⳡƽ֮
ܹ͢ĸ߹ٺ»õԽ࣬ԽʧȥʹǴӽͳ챻ְΪͳ, λž˶Īٻ
ø磬ô
͵Цһ˵һֱѺڴ, Э, Ҵ˹ȥ֧Ԯ
, ͽø, ͷĽҰɡ
ǣĿ֧Ԯˣθͳ죬үİλˣͼ, аţ
˵ү˵Ѻ¹ش󣬲ȻҲˣԾøͳԴЭˡ
λٵͷԡ
ڨڨЦЦѣֻԴȥοһұѺĵطǰȫƵ˱𴦣ֻѺ漰Ҿ졣
վǰЦ治Ǵ£ξ͸Ͱһ˭Ҳӳȥ
ƺûע⵽ʱλ񽻻ᡣ
ͷ죬ֵܵʱʱ̶ڵǻȥҲϸˡȵ˵죬ֵܵʱͣĴŹǷƤֱܡ
λٹĵµصһֻӬûô˿أȥϢɡ
ִ˸ǷͷʵǰסˣȻظȥˣθͳʹһǧøǰ˵©졣ǰƱһԿأ֤⡣
İɣֵǶ۵׵࣬ȥϢɡ
ֵͷҡҡλε뿪
УξԣӦˣôȥô㲣ҢȵĿżȻ·ˡ
˲ˣԴ쿴ѺطûôϢ
ҢطһʣѲ³ǳ͢δδõѵҪְἰԼĹ񡣡
΢㶣ⰵ˰ǻˣȷʵ
Ңһͷ߿
Цһɲ򵥡
Ϲ˵ʲô
ôһ˾վԱߣͷβûһۣȫ㡣
Ң㶣̾ǳ֮ӣֵܡƷĽδǰ;
ⲻǺܺ
׸ܵ£Ң롣
׸ʼңȢ̾˵㣬ҪȢ޻׸أ
˶ĬԺ·û⡣
ʱϣԱΪδִݡ
һ˵ı棬塣
һ˵ɱһҼ򵥣ĺĽ֮ԻϺͳ͢Ŀʵ¡
ʥ
ʵ˵ƽѵ˧δ棬кο
صλ˶֮ΪȽٹϸ죬ҿЩкηӦ
ʵ˼Ŀһۣ˶£
յ飬ǲΪ
ʲôϡ
ٲϳΪ֮¡
ʥ
ã޾ȲˣȫȨ㸺޵ĺϢ

ڳҹѲߣӪһӾ
ΪĴǶƺһӰ
µλٶ˵Ҷ˽⣬ȥϷطиʱ򣬶иȫյ֮áԣʱʵʱһиӳȥ͸ˡ
΢΢ɳƵ˵ţʹթҲá
үģһжҵƿС
ҹһк˱ܿѲߵĽǱ£˳˵ΡǷֳҵѺŵӣԿ״ź
ȻǿҪʱͻȻһ˲̮ҩζƮԶ
ܲŵĿһĻæ˳
λٺʹµҲ˹һȲѡ
һ죬ŭĿԲС
սսĻأСʲôҲ֪
ھҪѸ֯ԱΡ
ɿ䣬˫ֽ߬ȭڵαըǰûŵҩζ˲֪ҩ֮ʲôڸζ֪ҩǺʱȥġ
˿޵Ŀλһۣ˵θͳ죬ȥүˡ
λٵͷҲһĵļУ˵УͷĽҰɣȥ
֪£һʱϢԸ˴¡
·ϣϸľ
ĿⷢܰѴµը٣ҩٲˣ˳ϸ顣͢ԻҩϸĹܿأŪôҩ¡
Ӧһǣȥ졣
ĵΣȷһǰӪǵĺȫʹһͬ
鷿ڣžĿ¡
ʵ۳Ĭ˺ðΣҪһ޸ʱ䣬ܲǡλӾ͸ûˡ
ּ
һ뿪鷿ͼæүɵðҰ
αըʱн£ֲܡ
лү
ϸķĥλģжһᷢ֡һǸûֱӹϵעˡ
ǣðλЩȫٹһ飬޿֮
˵Щ˺ʣµľǰûжһطҲǴµ
ÿһνΣȻλ߶ͨʵλܿʲôǺ׵ġ
˷򣬺ܿͲ鵽η֮˵Ŀ֮
аץˣ֪λٴϢҲڵ˻ҩ
ͬʱܲ鵽˽ҩη˵Ĺʲ㡣
⣬Υҩһ߶˳
λҲдˡ
ԭвһݣȳһҡ
סˣǱҲˣɱ˱ն̡
ڻָյƽ




48     Ңܵ

Ժ, ҢʱԺظö֮ƽǶԽԽ
, ة褵ԺʱնҲĵȰҢҢӦ¡
նة褼˸뿪ǰٴζҢǰظ
ǡҢӦ, ĸס
ة˵ǺŹӣҹޣ϶ġ
Ң̾˿, 洫ҲõӰ쵽˸δ˵סĸȰ׵ġȷʵҹǲܣһ˼Ժ
Щ鲻һһϦܸıģǽƾһ֮ʵֵġһ, ѾǺܴĳɹˡ
лοҢЩ˵
ǲǻţةʡ
ڳżȢ֮¡ķıīի͹ƷǶ
ҢƷ鵽һ, ⷿﻹһЩ, á
ͷ, 
Ȣ޻׸, Ը޸Ĺֿ˼ң˭ˣ
ţ˭ˣة褵۾ɵ
Ңæ׶Գ˵Ҫ˵
ݸҢһԼ
ة褺˵˵˭ˡ
˵˰죬ة褲Ҳû³
Ц֮ʱ, Ժˡ
һԺҴ٣Ůѧʧˡ
ô£
Ƿӽ޹ȱϯһ磬ɽԺ᯷һͬȥѧаݷã֪Ƕ˵һԺˡɽѾȥңһ
᲻ѧӿˣ
С˵ӶرԣϧԺѧϰʱ⣬ӿΡ
һϢ֪ͨҡûҵÿһʱҲҪһ㱨
ǡ
Ң˽һĻԺȥˣֱĺɫҵһиϸĿŮǿһ
ʣ㲻ܵԺҢȥ˳츮ű
ԺҲة褵һݣ뿪ԺǰⶣҢһκϢ֪ͨ
Ңɵ˹ʱѾصָһӽȥæ
ڶ죬ӪһСڷǻʱɻһ죺Ǵģ
ĹӵԺŮѧĿǱ°ߣүȥæˡ
ҵ𣿡
ûСһҹĹȻϢ
£ܾһһ˳ȥ
Ңһҹû˯ͷѣֳԴӷϣͬʱ̫Ѩ
Ź߽˵չӣ˵Ժѧʧ٣ܲܰæ
Ңӣ㵵ĿͻȻʶ˵ĺģܺϲԼ㶵Щš
չӣôˣ۵׵֮ɫܵۡ
Ңգһ۾Խ϶롣û£ֻҹһû˯е
չӿȥϢɣæһˡ
ͷˣүԴ˶˰æ
˶
ҪְæǲҪڴ˵ˡҢĮ˵
ܣة˹Ҳæˣ
˵ǵģɩӡ
ةѵüͷɥӣ΢΢һ㶣˵ôʲô¶ʹ㣿ͷ˵˵
ɩˣԼ˵Ժѧ°ߣ
ˡ
ةתҢˣ
ʱû׷ٵԴ˵˷Ϊ˳츮ȫѲ˷ӿֵܳĵط
Դ˵Ļɲ޵ة̾˿ʵѧаã
Ңͷˣ۵ײɵ͸һɱߣ˵ǼﶼҪ⳥·Ӷ˾ͶˣֻҪǮС
ĲҢ仯չӲصģ˻ҵġ
ة褲Ŀһۣ˵㻹ڣ˻ȥؿܺҢɻ
ɩӣչӣȥ˳츮䣬ܼҴҵ뿪
ةֹô
Ң鸴ӣˡ
ةѧʧٵ飬Ҳû˼ȥ顣
һߣһ˳츮ţָŲһ˷ѵ㣬ȻŻؽӪһͱ˽˹ȥ
һ̧ͷȥԺѧˣ
ǵġ
ôˣʲô𣿡
ûԴ˼Ų춼ɳɨ˷ѵˣҲûŹ
΢΢ĵһͷСﱻ°ߣһ뵽Ķ˷ӡɨ˷ӣǼ¡
ܼø磬ھֻеԴ˵Ϣ𣿡
Ŀɻܣǲǡ
ǡ̷񶨣
ζĿԼʲôû˵أСӾͼŷ񶨡
ǿԾŵ廹𣿡
ڡԴ
ˣõܱ˸ܾˡǵǰ˵ôֻҪ㹦ͣļҵĹӹ㣬۵Ȣ
ø磬ҡȢչӡ
Ңմ˵ĵӣƷǰ;ޣ
øôΪ˲۾ְܿ
ϻȻġŵ㣡֪֪ϴʤ̻󣬾жٹǧ޸㣿
˵ͻȻסԼһҪ顣飬ûڡ
ҢܰҲܴҢãͶ໨˼ȥ׷
ǡץӷΣ֪ô׷ˡøɲԽң
΢΢һ㶣˵黰Ϊꡣ
˼ĵͷܿ͸ʵ
ڶӺŮʬ塣
˳츮ԺȥʬʧٵŮѧ
һԺ⵽˾ǹ񼫴ĵƣڳϵ껡
ϰռҵĹھŪôһײԺڳǴ
Ц֪ǴĪǶ˾ʹ⣿
˱һ仰òļæ⣬Ҫ¹ٵ
ЦЦǱҪ˵أѵǶ˵⣬Ҫչӵ𣿡
㣬㡭
ŶˣǬĽʿΪǣһ׮̰۰ʮ꣬ǰؾáöû뵽ǣմ˻ؾ˹ɵȱǰŵԲɵȱ
˱˵ƿԣ粵֮ǲ԰
˲Ծ۵Ц⣬ңңĶֱ̧˸ȭ
ʵۿڣ˳츮顣
³ߵߣлүִԡ
մ˲ÿΪ
Ҳ˹պһ䣬ǵЦ⡣
껶ǹּ˸뿪Ĳ˵
ЦŶ˵үڳϱֵúܺá
л˿佱ظԸة褺ҫһˡ
Цɫ˿֪λĻӵĹϵŵԲɵȱ
ԣ˲еĹϵĻӵĺߣϳٳδ̫ӣĻǱ߻Ѿżˡ
λϿɲǳصģȥQɡЦʲôɽۻ⡣




49     ϵºս

˵ƶ, Ϸܿʹǡ
Ůѧ͵ܵĹע˳츮Ҳ˲òӴ׷ȡ
˳츮ѧ˵ڽӪ, ֱǰݷá
˰뵽ǰԺ˵Դ˽ǰΪԺŮѧɣ
ǡѧ¶֮ɫֵ÷з¹ȴһĪչ, òү
ԴˣΪǰжǺģСŮʧ, ˷ΪĿԺܴ󡣵˷ӲɱˣӦô֣ϸһ顣
ү, ŮļھӣѾ֣ûз쳣֮Դ˷
Ҳ, 漰Ժ, һ˰ᵽ, ƽӰ쵽ة褵
ʱ, ة˽˵˵Դˣ֮ǰһδԴлǰԺûŵ˵ɡ
˵, ;ߡ
Ŀ͵Ŀûţš
ѧһ֪ةжܳ裬ԼǸةʱةǼ£æ˵ˣ¹Ҳûܰʲôæ
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ة˼˵õ糯˵ΪλйԱ糯𣿡
΢΢һ㶣˼ǣ
û£ǲǿԻһ˼·ȥ飿
ʱѧඥ
ѧة֣ʩһ񣬡лָԽ򡣡
ΪЦ˵Ҽ
ѧ뿪ȥ˰
ةüĿȾһĨǳ˵ҵʵǳġˣĻ֮Ǹѧة褵۵ײ͸⡣
ָƽüͷˣҲưոݡԸһ̡˺ϱˡ̡
ةץס֣ǵþһû̵սս£ǧҪġ
áةһ¡
ðţһͰʾ˳츮
ѧλڳµĶֲ𣬲鵽Ļ´ܱߡ
µԴ˸ٰŮѧ߽
ӷһϱ˵ˡӷԣӶ飬Ӽ˵Ĺ£һˡˣʹ޶Ůӡ
ףԺٴܵ飬йԱڳǴة褺Ңһֱ˻ȥ
ֱξʥΪԺԼŵƽϢⳡ粨
ʱ˵±ճ̣һ꣬һҢ
绪ƽףѡڡƽȻ绪ˣݣټֳ磬ƽ򸾱ͬˡ
Ϊˣһٵȡ͸ĸ̹Լ˼ƽ򸾵ļ̾ȥ
ҢˣնүΪҢһ룬ܻѯҢҢҲףֻҪĸţȥס
ֱһҹҢЭ£һˡ
ڸҢ峽ŸĸԸ˽һߣպȥ߹صˡ
Ң벻ͨةԺδչʱҲˡ
ةһüͷڷʲô£
Ҷøȥˣڸղ̫á
ة˵ں峽£峽ڵĳɳһ峽ͷأøĸǣڳȫһ뿪Դѱ棬Լѡ񡣡
㣬ة褻һתÿնԺܣСһѣôģ
Ѿܾˡ
أة褲ǣܲô֮ˣҢȷܾӦò
Ҫ׸
ة褵ֱӷ˸ۣѹֳûз
Ң򴽣оᣬ˵Ϊã׸֮Ϊ˲ܡݣȢʲô˲У׸Ҽң
ֺαطҪ׸أ
ҡҡ
ȻûҢ˵ȻһС˴Ҵܹ˵ִмҷ˹ȥ̫ҽˡ
ԣҢ赹
ةæʣ֪ô𣿡
СµĻص˵˵Ȣӣ׸
ةޱȣȶҢ˵ȱ𼱣ȥһϢ˸㡣
Ҳȥ
˽˵ҵȥìܡ
סҢة褾ʹҴҸ
ܱƤ̫ҽˣ޴󰭣Щʱձܺˡ
̫Ĩѳѵһ١
ة褽ݿܣܣˡ
ɩӡһǣ˿ڡ
ةæ˵Ҷ
ܲԴʣɩˣ
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ڨڨЦЦ
ة褶Գ˵ɷҺͳܵ˵仰
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̾˿ɩӣҪȰҷɣ
ģ嶯
ɩöԡ
ة̾㵽ôģһԼѣһصõܣة褹ǵ顣
չ˵ޣҪȢ޻׸
͸˵Ҫ׸ռңةЩȡ
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ةҡͷʧЦ֪ô˵źˣβŵϲͼֿɡ
šɵЦ͵ͷ
ة褰ȸ˵ãҺͳǲֹµġ
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ӳة褲ʹ˸ȥҢһõܣŻ
СŮ鳤һַ˴¼
һＱͽǣֱ͵鷿
ΪһĿɳɱ˻
ʵŬסǵЦ⣬˴
ǱڻصļԼ
װȵĴյϢһ巰߱ǸӷĿɳĻһˣ֮ǰڼĬu
ϣǳĺûᡣ
Ŵһ̣ûþȥϣ޵Ⱥ⻰һʹʵһˡ
ڳ͢һͳذҲܺܺõĳôơ
ԣ롣
⣬϶ڴ򲻴϶ֳɡһΣʵûи۲ݵĻᣬֱİ
ʵ۶Σ˶˲̶ͬȵľȡ
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͢ӳֱ룬ǹڵĳǳʱȼܴ
ĬuŻ巰鷿лţ鷿Ͷˡ
̤档
ĬuŻ鷿巰ˡӳ˶˵ʱ巰ʧķһ
˼Ƭ̣˲£ʵĬuյĻ񣿻ߣҲ˵巰Ļ񣿡
ǡŴףΪʱǱֵһ亹巰Ļ
ǵһЦ·巰Ƥĸʱ͵͵ģĬuƶҺةк⣬һѾ
ԣΪԼֵһ亹Ȼû巰ʱ͵Ļ
Ըȥҳ巰ʬ塣
ǣȫǵ˹ϸһ߾߽ʬб巰ȻһһĲнʬʼնûз巰
ֻܿ͢ϵľ
һ̣ر𲻵þ
ֵø˵ǣʿûжˣһһ˻ϡ
巰ѿΪǰᣬ׷䡣




50  Ͼ   дʦ

֮Ļ, ڽ˻ʵ۵һĲ
ʵӷΪһƷ󽫾Ρ
գ, ةһ̫̽
̫ߵֽǲĶة˵̫ճԵĺ٣˶ˡ
ةæʣ̫ҽƽô˵ģ
̫ҽףֻЩθҩš
ة΢΢ü, 첽߽̫޹
̫ųϣɫةʱ۾һ
ةǰ˸, ĵ̫ȥƺɫѣоﲻʣ
Ǹ˰ɡ̫˵ﲢŭ⡣
Ҳǹ̫󡣡
̫ҽǶˣҵû⡣ҽֻûθڡ
ة뵽, һһҢ
̫֪մ˵ĹҢ
ǸһԺġ
Ңһһƹݣƻ, Ƴ˼θСˡ
ðԣ
ةͷ, ˵̫ҽΪ̫, Ҳҩţ̫βҢĿθСˣ
̫΢΢һС, ͷġ
ǣ̱˳ȥƹݡ
ͬʱ󹬵Ҳٹ밲һ̫ǰԣǽةϵ
˭֪ϰڻʵۺ̫ǰжܳ衣
ûãҢſθС˽׸̫
ةΪ̫󲼲ˡ
˵ӹĶ, ס
ةÿΪ̫в˵ֶһ£̫
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ˬڣеᣬҲһ
̫һһڣ¶ܵЦ⣬ĵĿ
ة褶̫ߵʹ˸ɫЦ̴š
һ̫ͣԶЩҲࡣ
̫Ң˵ƹ֮£ҲԺ¡
ҢһһӦԵ塣
̫Ц˵һǵة褳׺һνǸʱׯ
ھͲة褹ʾ̫Ž
̫Цɶׯ󷽣ˣһ˼ֻáҽռҢˣ߳ࡣ
ةЦЦ
ҢǳǳЦ˵л̫佱⻰үȥֵóԴˡ
̫һЦ˵Ǵ̳ӣû£᲻
ةҲЦ
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ٹͻȻͳֳ̬֮Цﲻϡ
ʵۺһ߽ͬٹѾ֪Ң̫ײһ¡
˼󣬻ʵ۶̫˵ĸոоΣ
öˡҢ׵ĿθСˣҾθڶˡ
ʵ۵ͷҢ
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һԸ˼¾ƲˣةСü
ة褻ǰƵć״ٿһģԷ˸ֻۣСС˼ڡ
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ЦЦ
ة褱˱죬˵Ҷˡ
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ة褳Ա󣬱ſŴŴʣææ
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ة褹˹ǣԵĿڲģ˭Ҫˣ
˵ˣҪϱ㡣ĽЩ
ة褵Ц⣬գһ۾Եǵʵǲ£
Ĭһ̶̾ʲôҲ㡣
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ѳּͬĸʺܴ󡣡
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øָ㡣
ڶ飬䡣
ǡ
ܴҴ뿪
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ة褰ͷ῿ϣ֪г㣬һֱ׼ģһȫ֧㡣
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šة
ةҡ
գҢһþݷá
ة褽뵽ƫĿⴥ̳ʱһ£ôˣ
ǸүġҢֹ
ţʲôˣ
˵һֵֹĻͺ׼һңҡ
ԣة褲Ц˳˵֪㲻Ҫ˼룬ǴΪƴ٣ȵ

Ǹɵӡة̾佫٣ʱ졣ɱˣ󹦣Ȼˡ
ѵȥ߹أҢ룬ҲΨб߹ؿܻսˡ߹ؿຮôһĶܣ
𰸣ҢԼΪҲб
ةûӦ豭˹ĺһСڡ
Ң͵ظԼһڲ裬ұͱ곤Ųء
ة褵ͷĵ˵ţȹأֵ껪оѡĶ͸ˡ
Ңһϲ²ȥѾϣ߶Ҹˡ
ô񣬻Ҫȥ
ˣƲúȣ̳þ
ةЦЦֱŤ˼ƽϡ
ҢߵſھͽƵݸСˣǻƹݵƾƣø
ة褿С͹ľʱЦ
ԶԶľة褵ЦǣӿŲ
ة褣㱸ˡá
ʱة褵￩һ£æ˵ǸղҢ͹ģ׼ء
ةס°͸˲䣬ָ˵ѽĲǿɲܹһ⡣
ة褻ƺдžܾȾȾơ
ͺһ㡣
ةվûмסĳ˵ĥӲݣͣݵһޡ




51  ʱ   £μ

, Ⱥյ³ߵϢ䶷ѵĹˡ
ָɱ, ١裬һСϼھͷ
³ߵȴ˵ǸǮĹԪıˣȷָԪ˽̲Ʊֺɱڡ
ݵ, 䶷ѵһߣֵ¶һһĸ֡
һڷŵ, һָһ֡
£ǰ·أֻװ˹ȥ
νӴǸС, סةסǼҿջ
ջƹԻǵȵ˵үôˣ
˸ƣǳǳЦ˵ƹ, Ͷޡ
ƹ۽üҶ͸õЦ, סǼͷ, Աߵķ䰲Ÿİ
ƹľֱ, ЦǺǵĶԴ˵죬ֺòˡ
ƳһۣȤƹʲôˣЦöϲ£ˡ
ƹ˸ӣˡ
˭ͷԵĴɻʡ
үƹЦôüĿ
ʱ, ӦòòĹŵ˵үôˣֺΣ
ԣƹЦݣü˼Ƭ̣Դʹ˸ɫ
ͣĻƣʱѳˣƹһ˳ȥ
ƹϸȷϹû͵ǵ̸ɫصĶԴ˵үֻ˼װӶǷˡ
Ҳü˵⼸ͻȻЩףǸйءҲ̫ģҿүͦбµġ
ܾдҪǸ͸Űɡ
ʱСϵھֱĸš
ͷ١豻³ߺԪš
ʱԵľһڲǽΡ
ǰ˵μүүΪ
ͷлҪԱ˵ģһ˵
ҧǰµѲ飬ȴھֶһոǿΪûз¶ֵġ
١ΪҲ֪Ǳʲôɱģү졣
³Цǲ㶯֣Ҳ֪ǣָȴ´ġ
Ԫŭ⣺³ߣҪѪˣ
ǣ¾ү𣿡
еöˣкβɣ
³ЦЦƳһۣ˵ү¸мңĽƱ۽硣
Ԫ飬ң
³Ц󲻴»˼ʮ꣬ô򵥵ĵô
Ԫף³߶˵үѾȥ˽ԲЩƱˡ
ԪӲţ³ȴ׼ȷ˵һڵλá
ʱԪĺˡ
³ЦʲôˣҪСǶء¶鲻ҲûҪˡ
֪ˣǲǣԪŭ³ߣǹģҺìܣ֮
ͷͼˮ³Ǹ͵͵Сӣұ𣬿㡣
Ԫŭ
ĿⷢĿһУλ¸̥ڶ̯ѵ˲ʰеľ档
ԪΪ˶ӣԹ־͸
ȻýƱЩ˾Ͳһˡ
ЩĴɢڰ˵ʲôʱըˡ
³ĵ˵үģǷǵƿ֮С
ɢǵ˼ȴԽļᶨ
ֻ
֮ʱҪ³ߵ鱨
صջʱѹ㣬һҲûС
ƹǰѯʣүԹҪҪٳԵ㶫
һֱæŴ飬ûнʳƹôһʣˡ򵥵С˰ɡ
ʱƹԴӺ̹ȫĲɫ
ƹģղ
лү佱
ƹ񺩺Цţ̻صͰĻתֱѴ㵸
ԽӹԪԽ˽Խ濴ǿʵѸܡ
ԥĿǳøֱӻٵʱӰ
Դˣ⡣һǿȴѸõʵ۵ôֲܷˣ
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ӵסıţͷѲ˲䡣
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ĬһСᣬ˵Ѿ֪ǵĴˡ
ة褶һ£̹𣿡
ھֱ̹ףֻΪΪ鱩¶Ųò̹׵ģŪɳ׾
šة΢΢Ҫ˰Χˡٳδڵſ
׵򡭡Σյӣһõǡ
ة˵ȥˮݸ˯ʱ䣬ٽ㡣
ͷ쳣Ĺɡ
ة۵ǰԼǰʼʵġǿҲдʱ򡣴ҲкͿʱ
˯źة褲ߣӶʱľµӢٵȾǳӣة褼ӡ
СʶСף˵
ة褺ζʱ£μԼʱһˣʱĿģҲμԼͻ䵭Įӡ
ƺݹ󲻾ãة鲻áȻһͱ꣬ģةʧˡ
ֱһ죬źڶٴ
ҲһܳΣμԼʱסԺԲѣֱһ죬ͻȻĪıýٵĪĴ硣
ͻȻһɻ󣬶ʱԲѵ״̬£ƺǵʶԣǻôˣ
ü
ةһͿüͷҪƽüͷ
ץס֣۾۵׵ľ˲⣬ة§
ةʵج𣿡
μ¡
šҲμˡ
룬ة褵ģҲᣬ˵ֻμ˸顣󣬻ϴҷź͸ۡҴӴ˹޸ĸҺøͶǸµģһֱľչҡ 
Ƕʱ䣬Ϊʲôأةվ̲סˡ
Ǹʱ벻
ة褱˱죬ҲҪˡ
סة褶ͷ¶ȡ
˺һ´档
⣬ټתֲҴǡ
ľ˵Ǽ£ȥţүġ
ү˵ܲ㼱£ҲʲôҪ¡̾˿Դͷɥ
ô
үﲡˡǹģչүʱġү̺ͱˡЩǸҵġҲͦģүһ档
Ӧˣ
ǰ
ľ޵ķ˸ۣԼȥŰɡ




52  ʵ   Ϲܼҵ

, һزһɵ
֪ǱӦڲڷҩ, ͼͨӤ
ڣ֪Լ;ƿݡ
ʱＸǵһ
ٸڴ˵үˡ
үŬ۾뿴ģ
ǰ
үҽܸ, Ǹʱҷҩҵжġ
ڴ, ˵Ϊ
ۣүúõģûбҺȵ˵ص£Ҿȥҽͷл
˵, 
ĿĿʧȥ࣬ĬĻص
ٰæ, Щ֪
ϹܼǳǳЦ, ۵׵ɫԸ, бˣҲк⡣
˵ǼҶү, ݵĽΪ˾ȶԸ˽ȥүⱱʱ֪һˡ
ٲʣΪʲôֱӸү࣬ҪôȦأ
ΪҴӦү, ܶү˵ԸΪĬĬЩȴԸʵɳ
Ҳ˵˲ܣүԸ
̾˿ү֪ǹȥģ֪ôҡ
ֻү֪֮ѡүƣѵ⼸䣬ᷣġǾûϳ͹ˡ
ƺ뵽һ㣬ͬ̾
һߣĻة褡
ة뵽ӵɵһֻţ˰ʦɡ
סة褵֣˵彡ĺܣǻʦΪҽƺκ˵
ةĬ˻ʵѾõӦΪʲôҪǰ£
ǰܸҡȷ˵
ةȴüңһܴײġΪ㣬ֻա
룬˵ҵôΪ֪ܱȱҪá
ة褶ĿβŵѾţǲҪˡ
š
ߣСڴ㲻¡
һߣ绪ҲյϢ
֪˵ͨĸ֮£ԼΪĸʱΡ
Ȼûи飬ǵĺӲǴһʼĮġ
ҲιǸӵĵ̥ʮġ
꣬ݶ˵ĸǸйϵչҲǣǸҵҲֻǣ
ӣң
Ƕʱľ
ļ޸ꡣܵĸŮõģֻҪŮܺľС
ֱڣ绪֪ĸᾹڴˡûи飬ûйͨݻǸھӪڼҵˡ
绪üͷתתȥ
Щ꣬ӶΪ裬ΪĸӸԨס
⾲վã˽Լĸס
էһ֪еʱԼ뵽ЩĮǺˣˡ
ֻҪʱȰסͻ⡣
֪Լĸ׾Ƭȶȵˡ
ĸôȥ˽ǣ껺˽ȥ
ˡ绪Ŀ⸴ӵĿ
ĸкηǣɷ֪ŮŮΪĸ׷ǡ
绪һ٣̾Ϣһ㶼ûǸԼеĶ¶֮ԼŮף֮ĸס
ʹӣ۵׵ĸ벹ɡǣ´Ҳ֪࣬˿ڷŭСĸھȥֻôӷŭ
˼Щȥ
ǡǸʱӦѾˣĸȥͣӦûȻܣӴĸТ
˵绪ͷ
ЦĸףúŪ
Ȼĵڶ죬ɵӷĶϴ֣ײ˳ĹٽΡ
ǰѵ⣬ȴǸɵӣ
Ȼɵ֮ȴͣ߶ţҺүү
ӲҴ⣬æ泣
ƿһǣȴַ֮˾ֻǸʮꡣ
ɻ¹ܺ΢΢ԥԸȰ˴ظ
ܿģѷ˸׳죬ȻҲ֪ͨı֮¡
֪̫Ҳ֪ˣүүҲ֪ˡ
̫ŭɳϱŽ̫
·ϣԥ˵ĸףǷҪ֪һү
á̫̬Ⱥܼ£͸ЩΪүֻع
ֵ̫ǰִˡ
Χ绪λĵı˻ӡ
ʵ۴ֱ˵ͨ¶֮£ӦѾ֪˰ɣ
ػϵĻ֪
к뷨
ϣѾˣҲѵõͷ׷¡
áʵ۵ͷĿЩ绪Ѿ֪ϾĸףҲúͽˡ
ּ
ʵ̾ⲻּ⣬Ϊ˾ˣĹġ
ס
̫ˣÿ˶Լı㣬Ҫĸ󣬻ʵҪҪȨƽ⡣
룬һһΪΨة褡һˣѾȥĸס
򰲳Խڹ⽹ǲĵԽĸҲСʶ顣
ԽһΪѵĶ˵үСʱһЩ飬֪òú˵
˵
үʱкܳһʱ䣬ɫһͻ˯ʱҲ˯үԼȴ֪
𾪣ǳԶ̵ĺ֢
Խ˵ΪϱϢʱ䣬㸸Ľһֱүһ棬Ҳִᷢ¡һǵã˵岻ã˯ʱ䳤²Ҫ𣬰
㶣ڲûëҲǵô£֪һھͻ˯ëǺʱõģ
󡣡
֪ˡ
ظٽ
Сʱǲл˯ë˵˭ʱ֮ϹܼĪ
һ٣¶ԥ֮ɫµ˵үǴģСһֱܽ˯أ
⻰һ˵ûУԼɡ
ү˵ЦڨڨЦ˵
ȻԣĶʱ֮£ȫûӡ֪ࡣ
үѹѾˡ
ңȴΪβ֪ʱ֮£
Ϊү
ҵ۾ѵҵǸң
Ҳ˵ϹܼΪѲѣΪѵÿˡ

ӺݺݵĨһᣬˣݺᡣ
һμϹܼңȥʮֱ˺ŵôˣҲʾǡ
ʣȴˡ
ү̣ôһ¶ûУΪòүŻΪû֤ݣүƣֻǸ
ʱ˯ʲôģġôôأ
үҽЩ޲ߡиҽ˵үǲȡǶ˵߶߶ģšɶүȴ˵ΪֵһԡүΪүԼԲҪ
Ϲܼؿ޵ģΪӢŵӸеʹ
ʱүͻȻתֱ£ΣڵϦҽүʱġүҲɹҽʹ˲޷֡
ްĶŵ濴
иõĲ²⣬Ǹҽʲôҵ
ҽлڶүͲˡ
ҹ𣿡
ҹ˾ƾʧһ
ĬãͻȻʵ绪֪𣿡
΢֪̾
ͬһ£ΪԼĺôص᲻֪ˣûһ쳣ͦ˼顣
˵ʱүչүΪǵҵң͸鶼Ųʡ˸ǰҪһͨ
΢㶣̾һ䣺ҵĸȱͨ
үԴǣֳھӪ
ҡͷ
˵үѾ֪ȫˡ֪뱱ӣΪү𡣵֪ӲǺүףͲҪٵǱ֮ˡ
ζЦǸĿİɣ
үԾĿ۵׵ݼš
Ϊ˲ұЩ¸ҵİɡ
˶٣Ŀվй̾үˡ
һ㣬뿴ĬĬƲ˵ơҵںӵսϣӦΪѩܡ




53     ʦҽ

˫ͨ, ĵĲţײײĻط
ة褾ȵĿӣæ, ˡ
סĵʲôˣ
ıסة褣ͼϼȡů
ة褻ر˸ĺ󱳡
ڼʱ, ˵оҵսɳǰľԤϵԼ, һҵĻô죿
ԣةҲ𾪲, ݻᱻƭȴ־Ϊһӵĸף޼ƿʩ, ȫܡ
ةʣǸ, ҵ𣿡
֪Դ, Ѿȥˡ
ҵ˵ȲҪ˼롣
ݸ̫, ֮룬֪Լӵ屻֮ռݣ֪θ롣
Ҫ˼롣ة԰
š°͸ة褼ϡ
ة褱Ҳ
һߣĻӺһ, 绪ײơ
һŲֶߡ
绪ڴٹ޵ϡﻩģĻӺ궼ˡ
̫ʧޱ飬˵ˣװɡ
ǣĻô죿
Ļǻ̫ĿЩί꣡
ǡ绪鲻ԸӦ
̫˰̫Ѩ㰲׼ޣ򰲰ɡ
ǡ
绪º̷̫Ըȥة
Ӧһæǰϰ
ة褽ӵּ̫ܲ˺һ˲ʵ֪̫ҽк£
֪ةܳ裬ø˵Ļ绪ȥ̫̫뿤޸Ļ
ĻӺ飬ةѾ˵֣Ѳ²⡣
ľһӸ̣ƴºˡ
ة褽̫밲
̫˵ة褣飬Ѿ֪˰ɣ
ǣѾ˵ˡ
绪ǸϸĸףҲˡ
⻰ة褲ҽӡ
ǰˣһֱǡ绪ĳϱĴɩĸŮи㡣㲻ҪʲôֻҪ绪Ҫʱܴ֡
̫󣬹ҡ
̫Ļ˵ة褣޸Ҵ㲻ɣ
ǣ̫׽ĸס
绪ǸţҲʵΪѹ㣬Ҳǣ
̫˵ǣΪѹҡԴˣةҡ
Ҳֻǰ绪ҵŮ޸ǳ׺绪Ƿ򣬼޸һҲûΪɣ檡
̫˵ة褣Գĸݣպܰæտһš
̫ˣة褴Ӧĸǡة򴽣̫ӹӲʣɲ˵ɥˡ
á̫¶οЦ⡣
ʵôĻӺ̫ҲôĻꡣ
޸ĻƺûƳ㻨
޺Ƶݷة褡ϯʱҲֳ˶ة褵׽
ةӦʵС¹ݣŴʧ
ֱ뿤үãĻӵĲٴ˽ﶼڲ²ү᲻ͶĻӵӪ
ةŷӦʲôзʤ
ϣͻȻԾĸӣֻҪвĵطֱպ󣬹ͶĻӪҥԲơ
ʵ۽Щ鿴÷ڡ
һߣİڽ׷ҽ١
Ųţǲ鵽ʶ
ǣͿĽ˾ǡ
ة褰ס᷿׼ʳ
ӷ𣬶л氵ǰѾ֪ԭ򡣡үƶɮʶʮǰҽԷҲкļ⡣
ʵʦܷҵ
ƶɮǵã˵С
ʦ˼ǣڷ
ƶɮΪδزˡ
лʦǴʦʲôڵһʱ֪ͨ
ӷƶɮġ
ھˣҲĳҡ
ھ뾩ǲԶһׯϣϺšһŶ̷һ롣
̷֮˱ҵҽ
ӷ¨ʮ꣬ҾһҲûӮ
֮Ҳҵģݵľʦ
澫ܿܳˡ
̾ûˡ
ԣĿ˲͸Ҫʲô
ദʮ꣬㻹ǲҡ
꣬ھӣܿ˹һ棬ԼҲҪӡһ棬붢ŻĵﲻΪǻƭݡ
Ǿ仰ʲôֵţ
ûƭ㲻ţϰŵġ
ڣҲ˺ү
Ц
ʰ̺󣬸Իؼʰϸ
ڶ죬һͬǣ
ϵ̹ݣǶʦһء
֪ǵȥ˹
˷˵ĵطΪĿŻҲԼ˹
Ŭż飬˵үˣнӡ
ޱ˵үںܽ
еҭλ֪ʱ֮¡
˵үǲȱ
һɺԡĿŭŻ
ȴ𾪲ѣɵ֣ҽԣĻβȫģ
үһһõڳ֮ʲȫ
ĿתĿŻ۵һƬ̹Ȼ
ҽȥϢɣлҪʦ˵
һͷת뿪
ǵүӲ񣬲šݵĺ󳾡
ʦҪģҲԼġ
ĬȻѾҪ˻ٺ
ʵʦ֪ȸ꾿ôʵģ
֪ͷԼɱԼʱرǳϣǶУҪ˺ܶ࣬ȫ㿪Щһһǡ
ʣµĻû˵ꡣ
ܲ³ĻԼ
ΣŻ̾ȸţʦҲҪ̫ˣǶӦǰ
ԡôֲĨĨᡣ
ʦ֪ҵĸڣ
Ѿү
ţ
СһСϺϿһջǰҲյǵţ߶߶дһѣүסǿջʱʲô˵ʲô
뵽ˣǰ
˵󣬳͢ؽϴƣϽж࣬ΪԷһôҸӣڶС
ʦԶ
ʣʦϵ³ߣ
ϵãǹϵĵܵܡǲʲô£үˣ
һΪȸ𡣡
ԭ³ͷǽ˻л͹ϡ
˽ˣ֪³Щ˵顣
ʦͻʱסɡ
á
ߵ鶼׵ٴҴҸүڹ赹ˣ
סǵ򸾣æ




54  ϲ   ة褻У

ة褽̫밲, ǡ꼸λҲһ밲
Ƴ꣬ЦŶة˵޸ĵܣҲϼˡ
ة褵Ǽɲĳ鴤һ, ǳǳЦ˵Լǡ
̫԰ͬĿ۶˵һˣͲҪ˵Щˡ
ǡЦӦ, ס۵׵ļʡ̫ǰޱЩϱó裬ܲʣ
ةʾ, ŴŴ˵Щûɩˣɩɰã
ة˲ëǺܺãΪĻӲ, Ҫ̷ĻӺĻ
ǣýǴɩ̻塣ü˳׵˵
ĻɵṴ𴽽ǣة褲ϲС, ÷
ĻЦ˵пĺɩ, ȥ
ة褵˵Ļ, ҵΪĻѧ֮
Ļ־ڴЦ
̫󲻶ɫĿСǰصΡֱԸƣҪЪϢʱ, ǹ򰲡
߳ٹʱةͻȻ赹
ʱ˶һ
ٹæС̫󺰣촫̫ҽ
̰ة̧ƫ׼Ъµ̫æƫ
̫ɫɨһȦЩͻ֡
̫ˡ, ͻȻ£ūʲôҲû
˲ɫԲ²˭ة֡
̫ҽ𼱻ǵĸϹĿбӵǰ̫
̫󼱵ض񣬿ȿةôˡ
̫ҽȥս̫ҽةͬһ·ҲΪǣæǰ
̫ҽ˺ðΣһٵķȷϣǣ̫˵ϲ̫󣬿ϲˡ
̫ϲ⣬ģ
̥ѽ¡δд̫ٴһλ̫ҽ
̫ЦôüĿȥ̫ҽ
λ̫ҽϣȷة褻֮¡
̫˵ʹ̫ҽֵǵة赹̥ްɣ
̫ҽص̫Ļ˼أ左۲Ż赹һ̥ҩ̥
ãȥҩ̫ˣЦúϲ£죬ϲüҡ
ʱة褾ѹˡ
Ƕϲ󹬵յϢҲٹϲ
ة褿ŵڴͷԼĶӣǲԾЦݣģůůġ
ҴҸϽ˵ة褻еϢһȹֻϲֵǣæٹ
ة褡
첽ة褣ֻһˡûﲻ̫ҽô˵ģ
ةüһ䣬ϸ˵̫ҽ˵̥ܽ
ĵǣأ
ҲܺáֻǽЩˣ֪СһŻ赹
ѽҪչ˺Լҵġ˿
̫ЦӯӯĿСڣЦŴȤֻة褣Ҷ޶ˡ
ةһۣ̫Цˡ
̫
̫˵ةƫЪϢٳظ
Ӧһǡ
ֶ̫ة褣˫ˣͷҪĪҪ㰧ˣ̥Ҫ
ةҲһǡ
ة褻صʱ̫ͻʵ۵ʹ;͵ˣҲ
ڽ̽ģģﲻ
ǰ̽ط޷һةǧ
ةλ˵ĺը£εĸףҶˡ
޷˵ͷ̥ܷġ
˽ɷĸڸסһʱգʵҲġĸڣҲԷЩ
޷Զһ٣˵ȻүˣұӦ˵ʲôϲϺأ˿̣޷Ҫ
ة褱˱죬Щ
޷ָĴ˴ة褵ĶͷԿ㣬Ҳŷġ̥ºҾͻȥ
Ц˵޷ڣǶĶˡ
ŵĿ޷˴ة褶ͷة褱ˡ
޷ƳɫֺЦָˡˣСڵȳȥ
ʱةбһۣĸסڸǾͲһ˯ˣһ˵ҵġ
һЦ˳˵ĸ˵㣬ͰȫƸҡ
ة褺ߺ󣬡ǰϢɣŲ˯ء
ԣܻӰ졣
ߣǱӰģÿô˯
ҵĴԺ󲻰ҹˡ̷˼ϱк͸ܰҹˡ⣬ĸ˸ղ˵븮ҽ֮£Ѿڰˡź֮£ĸ˵
֪ˡة褺˺ߣ˵Ҷˡ
æ˵ȥóԵĹ
ţӸ⣬кҶŴ׼
á֪ͨȥ
ة褵ĵ͹ʱ޷˶˼ھͲٳˡ쵽ʱˣԶ˴ͳԲ¡
ةֻĿĸ׵ָʾ°ѵĶߡ
޷ڿסһʱգֱة褵̥ºŻ
գĻ̽ة褡
ߴĶة˵ɩҲˡ
ة褾ȵ۾䲻ϲҲΪˣǴϲ£֪ˣͲ̥ǡ
ĻǸε˵ⶼҪңûȰס
˵ҵһλУвʹɩ˵˵
ةʶüǵĹϵûкõһ
ЦЦ˵Ҳвʱ򣬵ҪҲġҪ̫࣬˳ȻĻ
ͷлɩ
ĻЦ˵ǿ˵á
ԣةûɵüǳ鴤һ£Цݲ䣬˵ǽ̧ҡ
ĻЦЦⲻ۵ס
Ǽ˻뿪
ɺɲ̴СѾ߼⣬ȷûҲûٶة褲ŷġ
޷ȻĻ겻ĿŵĶֽţة褻źӣҲΪСЩΪá
ҹةͻȻнʹͷ߳亹
Ųѣæ
ʱĴҩ䱻Ѹٿ˹
غ˳˿󶨶Ϊة褺ҩ䣬Ϊةʩ뼱ȡ
򲻷ةס޷ҲҴҴ¸˹Сôˣ
ĸˣةͻȻۡ
ةʹȥץ֣ӣء
ĺ޲ة褳ʹ޷Ȱ侲
ʩͷ󺹡ҿʩȼʱȻ̥ͱסˡ
޷˿л̲ס˫ֺʮл
ة褳˯˹ȥʪëΪöͷĺˮ
һоա
գĻӸϢˡ
߻ûжĻǱ˶ۡ
Ļ˼ʣıãĻ׼ּ
ĻߵСѾ͵͵˳һ·ֱϰة褡
ŸջָЩة˼Ƭ̣Լ
СѾ߹ڵϣۿ˵ҼһǱԩģûк




55     ɴ޵з

ĻСѾ뿪, ة褰ѵźȫ˹
һϸĻ껹ľٶƺûлرĵط
һСѾͻȻԥ˵ϲġҶ˲ʱ, Ůƫ˵˻
ةʵ˵ʲôˣ
ʲô裬һ˵һ衣
ľ˵᲻Ǹʱڲҩ
ľϵˣŮΪҲҪпǱĻˡ
豭ϴ޴Ӻ˲顣
ة΢΢, 갲ȻһȻȴˣܲԼ̥
һظͿةڷ, ᱧ𣬡㾲̥
䣬Ͱңϡ
ة褶˵ĻһŮ˸, ˵ĻǱԩġҾôһϸ쳣
뵽ʲô
Ůڲ˶ˣҲ̫ˣԼδĺӶ
Ѳ, ָʹŮڲ¶, ŮѾˡ, ȴΪ˶ĺ衣
Ļة褾ȵ۾
ǵġһͷıԼһ̥, ⱻɣü޻Ļûд̥º֡Ļ֪ļƻ󣬱㽫ƾͼƵ
ة̾û뵽ҺͺӻΪƷ
ôǵ£, úô
鵽ĽһһʮʵۣʵΪ޶
ʵ۴ĻԼةһ
Ļ˵ʣ߳еĶʼɣּޡÿۣʧȥ̥ع
ʵĿתĿĻӣβŵҲ룬ιƽ£ıã֮߳ȥ֮ıϰ̥ͬģʧȥ̥ԡ
ĻӦһǡ
ʵ˵˶ӵ֮£ҲΡӼ˼ɡ
ĻСĵ͵͵ۻʵ۵ɫ˼ȨţӦ£鷿ˡ
ʵ۶˵⣿
ϣĻΪѡÿÿةнʹʹģʹ
ʵ۰̾˵̫Ѿ֪ˣԼȥ˵˵ġ
ּ
һٹ־ǰӭӣ˵үˣλ˵©죬̫Ѿ֪̥֮¡ȻѾް̫Ǻܵġ
֪ˡ첽߽̫޹
̫󰲡
̫æ˵˵˵ة褺ͺˡ
̫벻Ҫǣة褺ͺоգް
⵽ô£
һһʮ˵̫һ㶼ûղ鷿ĶԻ
̫ıãޣȥþӦõġ

绪򰧼飬Ҳڣة褺ĺҪ
õЩο̫󣬵ȹЩة褵ȫָˣҴ
á̫ȰЦЦ
һߣĻӸַ졣
Ļӱ㣬˺ԺŮˣ˼ʥϣֱߡ
绪֪걻ȥ˳ã̸ϵĻӸĻӴһܡ
ĻӶ˵ùãҵıͱûعȹ˷ͷٰӻԷȻ֪ǲǳڸǰ˵ʲôִҰѱ͵á
绪֪ĻӸֲתǰϰ
ջصǰŭ绪
ã
ŶûŴκԼɩӣüĿ
绪۵¶˲飬С¡
ЦѾϺˡ
ã£ǡȥô£Сֵطܵˣ
ǻڽ
ת̤ڣ˹ϴš
绪һͨǵ·ƵƵָָ㣬ת
֪绪뿪ة̲ס̾˿иʲôѽ
˵ǣ̫˵ˣͺҪ
һΣ̫绪ڴٹ̿ÿСóд𾭡
ٸаÿ춼дѴѵʱة褡
ٰһŽΪηԺӵټ£ǣةһͬϡ
źȿͷ⼫ˣá
ةЦʲôã
ϱáһڡ
ةЦЦɢԺҲá
ʱϲ񣬸˵ƮƮȻ
ةʣǲǻеϱã
ʶĸ˵ǣͻȻة褶ĿЩһʱӦ˵ϱܺʱá
ةߣղԥˡ
Ǿȣû뵽㾹Ȼʡ
һңί˵㻳һҪΪ֪
ةǸεһ£󲻴Ĵһ£㾹ҷҧһڡ
쳤ӣҧҧɡ
ةյҧһڣͦþ
۵˻һ£ͦãҲӡǡ䣬ةҧ
ãķֿǣһϸ˿ةҲ˲ǡӺĴֻҪæ
ةƳһۣԼȥһ¡
ˣةŶӷ룬ұˣᵶˡСʮ
գҢͳٴةʱֿڱϣ̲ס˵Ǻͻʹ̫ƽĺܡ֮λͳС
óǵĻ󷽷˵ӪӪ˾ָʹܸ֮ˣȫԷİӪǡ
λõĿ޵뷭ۡڳܾò˵
ةһЦ˵ȥ𴦴
ʮίĿة褣Ǳ˳
һȻ˵û뵽үġ
ҢΪ˵үҲֻǰˣѾ߲ˡ
ةЦͻȻǰ飬ֻϡʱ˭뵽˻Ϊѡ
ˣǽǲң
ûʲô£㡣㻳ԺǼʱˡ
ʵĴ߸ͲҪľôˣϹţֻڸߣΪרһʯ·μҾߣǵĵطҲòֱǰҵһ˵öˣǲ
ةںǰ²ۣ͸ȴúJ
ҢߣҲˡ
Ϊʲôة褲գһ۾
ҢشͰĿת
Ц˵»û䣬ء
ة褲Ȥܽڼ䣬ҪѧϰûʱԺܡ
ҢҧæСء
ţة褾ȵ۾
̯֣Ҳ֪ô¡
ҢЩй˵ۿϼѾͷһƫƫϺãǱӦ




56  ӵ   ںӱ

߽鷿, 㿴зͱעҽ顣
ʱһţү, ˡ
ǰһĸ֣ǰ֪ɺ󣬾Ͱȥ˱ߡ
ӹţѸһ顣
ңλ¿ɺѪѹ, ɱλ졣ͰʵȴǷֱ
дͶӪ, һ̫ƽı߾С
ͨӪľڡ
ǵñӪͳ˧ԬݵĲ£ڱӪʮꡣʮӪսһֱǸӪ̳
ţȻӾ, ӪҲӦֵܵ
ةҢ̴ʵүأ
Ļү鷿

ֻүһˡ
֪ˡ
ة鷿, ľľæ
鷿, ˸Ҿ, ةƿš
ôüͷة߽ʵ
Լ, 뱱ı𡣡
ة褸ƽĶͷû׵ĳüչӰ챦
չü˵ö, ҪӺõ̡̥
ةվߵһʫϣŵһʫ
á
ҳỺԶɽů磬Ѭ
ةͷһᣬ˯ˡ
Цة褷鷿ϣΪЬӣԼҲЬȥӵ
Ҳ֪˶ãةתѡͷ˯գ͸ƣ룬ͻȻЩӼÿѣʱǸ۲ѡ
ةعͷı۾Ϣ
ĺɫʱ˼ͬʱ
˵˯ʱ䳤ˣЩ˯ȥһط
ԣةٿصĴȥǽϵǴΣɵüۣ˵á
ùźة褾һֱڴϵľϲ
ֱɫȫԺǣߡ
ûһ·ߵһںӱߡ
ة褾ȵĿ˿ܣӱһЩر֮ʵʲô
۾ͳ·һ˿ƻ
ةŬŬ죬۾ſ«ﵽʲôҩ
ʱ۾ˡ
ة褶ٸǰһƬ
Ͼĺӵƣǳ׺ţҫţǰ
ة褾ϲĿźϵǹ⣬ǲԾĸ߸
ʲôӣôźӵˣ
㾪ϲ춼ԡ
ةЦ˵źӵƣǲǿԸ
Եȡ˸ָһƹбī
׼Ļͦࡣةü۴Ц
ѱʸ鵽ʲôԸдȥ
ة룬д֡
һԸڰ̩Ըƽϲ֡
΢΢һ㶣ةùʣպ˵īһдԸ쿪ģ
ةЦ̶˵дԸãһġ
󣬷һſơ
ʱԽԽ˱ӵ۵ӱפۿҲںӵάźӱߵΰ
ڿǰӵةظ
ԹĴάΰҪĿơŶĺӵƣø˵ҲҪһ¡
øɩӿĵı¸ѡ
޿վȺ⣬ңңܡ
Ϲôôˣ˹ȥ
ҿнͲˡ
⻰̹ؼҡ
ʲôʱظ
ҿ϶õȵȺɢȥŻء
Ʒʿ䣬ʮ־塣
Ϲˣɸ˻㡣˵գܾͺ˸Ľ
޿˵ٿӵơ
˵У͸ߣֱؼҡ䣬ȥָΰˡ
޿氵ҧҧԶֻȻȥˡ

պ󣬳ƽף˵Ļдիh¡
ն˵ɩͳףִҢȥס
һΣҢ׶峽
ȵлһʱҢĿ峽ɫ˵øȥ˱߹أȲףǲЩ飿
չӣǱĸǿȵġ
ǣҢЦҲ˵ףͻ׿
ǡ
õĺܡ֣ҢǴݷĳģŭʢ
ø翴ֵۣ䣬ȥ
峽ͷ۵ǧĵڵõĶԡ
˵Ңŭ뿪æ˹ʵչôˣ
˵ˡĸףչߣ²ˡ
̾ҰôףѵͷһڿϼһһΪһܳءǿһΪ
ĸף˰ɡչǺŵӣǼҸʲ𡣡
˶һ٣̾˿˵ټ࿴
峽ߵĻ˻ȥҢǾסĸҪҲڵĵܵ

Դ뾩ÿÿҹ˼Ϊة褷˼ӵĺӵҲԶԶƼˡ
ĺӵԶ·Ҳ˼

ƽ֮¶ºǡƽʮ٣ƽһ磬ݺҡ
ϰҲյʱة̥¡
ة褻Ӻ󣬱
ƽգةǰ硣
һȥƽ
ƽԳӭӡ
СĻة褣ƽ߽ȥ
λƼһĻĽĶ޷˵и֮ˡ
޷ڴЦ˵⺢ӾǲʡģŶҲҪ٣˲ġ
ƽ˵͵£ǼҵĽ飬Ҳүĺá
һλЦ˵֮ǰ˵үΪźӵƺͿɷˡ
޷ЦŨ˾ͰЩ
ةЩ󸾣
ةûȥλ޷ߡҵƽ뿪λ˱ϡ
ة褽޷˺󣬾ȥһߵϯϡ
ѸٴڵߣСø磬չӶҡ
ӣȥԺǾƹݣҢԭΪƽ磬ӦܼȴӰû
㲻»𣬻ĳ˵޿飬Ҳ뵽ֻǸᡣ
ĳǷźӵܰŻ޿ؼҵĽ
ʲô»»üͷʮֲ⣬ż
㣬ϼҵλô£
Ϲһ㶣ĪչҺϹ
Ŀش
ܲΪ˵㣡һΣҿһرѾͰ˼ҡ
ʲôʱʶģ
չӵСʧǴΣҺһȥϼҵʱǰȻϼҲ֪˭
ˣ˵ˣ뷨ӽ͸Ң
ͷʵһֱһԸ˵һֱס
һļ򣬡ɵСӣΪ¶㣬˵Ϸ




57     峽Ϊ

ƽ֮¶º, ն˸
ڼҢ޿͸ҢȻʱʲôҲû˵˺ûٿܡ
, ة褰̥һСڵ˳졣
޷ʱʱľͻة褣绪ҲŲƷΡ
һжƺƽ֮ʱս´ˡ
յʱ, ġԬ۵ıӪڽڰˣŰСֶӺڵСһͰճ롣
ʵŭɳԮ֧Ԯ
ةǰֵ, ʵ򽹼Ϊѡةѻ߸£ʱ뿪ߡ
̲ס룬ȱһϱȱһ
սϵıͽ, սʤиȻϸĵ˶֣ᷢԴԮִﱱ, ʤฺ, Խ, ʤʱԽԽ١
ʵ۷˼·, ȱһǺ϶Ϊһͳ˧
ʵ۴ӣ鷿˵áʵ۶˵սԣűЩġֻҪ󷽣øӪͳ˧Žһ¾С
ʵ, ֻҪӵ˱߹Ժܹһ㣬ⲻ
󣬻ʵУǱӣҲǶļල
ȻͻȻΪͳ˧ӻҹǼ·𴢾֮λǰһúñ֣ץס󹦡
սؾǣʵòȥƲתӵһ·£͢Σӡ
ʵ۶˵ڼԭȥھȺӳս²ˣձɡ
ּ
̻ظة褡ʱةѾʰ
ةϸ˵дҲСңȥ߹أСġҺͺӣиõġ
ǧһ仰ĵһ
ִӾͻؾ
ڿٳӪأϸ˵
ԴӺӿսڴúܱ
Թʼ½Ԭ˧Ӵ˴ڣ½Ԭ˧ܼʱɱǵݹݹȾ˵ݲͲʧͷ룬ᱻĶӡ
Σյۣ˧жϴ󣬴ʧҪĴֲ
͵عһڲ裬˵ԮǼλͳ˧иţûЭͬսڱӴ仨ˮУǸҲףʲôƫƫҪָֻţװ׵ཫʿ
ƳմѪ۵Ŀף֪ˣȥϢһ£ж
ʱ۾һӦһǣ
ûмŸЩˣټսԡ
оӺͱʱ鱨վɳǰһһָӵıֲǿֱ֮ЩĽ첻С
˵Ҿ԰̣ʿ䣬һʤʿ
үͻƣ
һӰ˾̤Ƶо󷽣Żǵݣһھж
үĩǰ
ѡ
ºо̴˸ƣжˡ
ɾ̽ӻӦųԴܵĽ졣жҪĿġ
Լѡ˾ȵ̫ɽˡ
ǾľŲݳ¶ʮݳͨЭ壬ʮֱоӪţһ˲ʹҴҳˡ
оɺ뵽ֽϵϢɱָûӪȥҴҵ
ڼǲϹݵһ˴Żļһ֧֧˲ڵӪȼҲܿ챻
һ֧ӪгѸľŲݳˡ
ľŲݳǰǱ¿ɺɱĲ֮һˣľŲݳ¿ɺ˼ȫţݣ˶¿ɺС
˵ݳߵ죬ǺµǶʮһͬڲݳ塣
ǣǱս޲ʤмľŲݳܾڲݳĲ˳͢ӵıȦڡ
԰ʤǧˣһϮʮƯʿ񣬽ʿǶŷѡ
ԬµһоϢץ˸Σ󱻿
ѶǰԾ
ԬԼû㷢ָ⡣
ţܣ˿
ǡ
ܶһ£ԥԥ˵ø磬Һ񿴼峽ˡ
΢΢һ㶣˵ɡ
ǱһҹһǧǿɺŭɶԳ͢ӷҵĽ
ʿߣӭе׼
һ̣עü
ǽ£ʿⲫɱѪǽϣɴܣͣе˹ǽͷȻ󱻿
վڳǽϹ۲սָ֣ս
һ֧ʱϡ
ţȥǣﲻҪ
ǡſϳǽĵоݵһԾ£ս
뿪󣬷ǽܣǳ
зɺҲ
Ӫͻƿɺߵطһ˹ȥ
˿ɺѸٳˡܴһΪڻ
˱Ҳձ
Աһı̧˱Ӫû˵䵱˾ȻԱ̧˵̧ˣİӪæžԱ
ڻѪıһѪ˳˱Ӫ˫۳ѪҽҽȾ
ڵȥһһ˵ľ峽
ҽ̹Ϊ峽˿ڣھɵ㶵
ܼﷴ£ק뿪˸ڣү㡣
׼ýǹԭͷ֮£ܺڹĵʵûд󰭰ɣ
ܻصֻЩƤˣҲˡ
Ǿͺáüһء
ø磬Ǳߵضˡ
̾˿ŷڵ쳣ôˣ
С峽ˣҽΪҽΡ
ͻȻڶڵʧʹޡ
Ϊ˾ҲŻᱻؿڿһʱ˶ˡ
Ѹٻعһ߿ˣһ˹ȥ峽ʱסһ߻ˣһƴɱУɱ˫ͨ졣
վ·ҹȥ
ܸ·ֱĨĨᣬٸǡ
峽˿ѱ˻ԡ
Աߵľҽ
ҽƳһۻԵ峽Ϊ˴˿ڵĶͣǰһҪܲѵùҪԼ־
սϣҽӲ˵ȫƾ⣬Ը˱ǿƾԼ־ѹ
ڶ峽ߣһֻ֣Ѫ۾ˮŬŲ¡
ҽĶһ£̾Ժ·̫ܲ
ʱڵ£峽ַڴһ£¡
ԭս峽˲
ڣ峽˵˵ϣһһý֡




58  ̫   Ļӱƹ̫Σ

ү, ӿɺδѡ
ԣٽ춼ʤ׷
ľŲݳ𾴵ү벷ͺͶ͢
ľİ, λ죬̸͡
ʤ׷δԺŻܶԬչж
ԬڱӪʮ꣬ھߡܵ˼ױͱӪһʿ, һԬ۵լۡѳĽƱ
ӪʿǶˣһһӲš
ѺԬۺװ󳵵Ľ鱦ȥһ·ϣĿ, ҲܿЩǰԬѰ֮˵Ŀе֪ࡣ
оǰʿǷŭϳԬۡ
˵ܻ¸ͨ, Ѫǰɡ
Ԭ֪Լһʲô˵ĩƷĽ, ӦѺؾǾ˲, ɻʥá
ǰ, ϸһּ⣬ɱ, նࡣ
ԣԬһ˲̶˵û뵽ʹˣԸųӣŶӡ
΢΢, ԸѺȥ
ܴ˰Ԭ۰УǰԲϣ󳵵Ľ鱦Աߣɱء
ĽʿǷ׷Χۣյͳ˧ΪȻһŹĽ鱦ʿֻŭ
ǰɱԬۼ죬ŵĲƱȫ͸зɱеˣʿõ˵ͷȡƱ
͢һոȥĳһ·׷Ӹأֱͥ
ڲɺˣͶ͢òݡ
һ̣ǰǰһ࣬͢ڴȫʤٿɰʮꡣ
ԡѪڻص󷽣ϲĿ峽ѣɱ͵
峽Цӭ˵˵ɱĵʿǶ˵׬ˡ
ֱҵĨĨ۾˵ҵĶġ
峽ϣ죬תƻ⣺үľθңҿԼתΡ
үˡߵΣһȥү
峽˵үУϸʿǷƱԼȥɡ
˵ҵľģһȥ͡μǰߣһͣٶûС
ǹǵһͷͿ峽ȥŶȥˡ
ΧĽʿ˵ŻĽڴ󷽷Ľ峽ʾľ峽ġʿ̾ͶˣѺõǱʾף
ɱв٣ҲֺǺǵԼһݣЦĶ˵ø磬ϵõǿԾѾ͸չˡЩҴס
ЦͣһԸ˴λؾԺܱضӹٽ»ڳĻȨҲ֮
лø缪ԡüЦ
͵Ķųݸ

ʱžޱ䡣
Ļӱƹʵֵۣܣסǡ
̫һ֮²ڴ绪̼Ҳ˴ٹ绪ǱĻӽӻꡣ
̫ĲأÿѵʱԽԽ٣󲿷ʱ򶼴ڻ˯У̫ҽȫ޲ߡ
ȥս̫ҽͻȻʦ绪˵ּȥʱһλˣ伫ʢʦʱүйƻԣλʦκү
绪ȥ
̫ҽüͷҲǽѡʦ޶Ȳ֪ȥҰ
һλ̫ҽ˵үʦʶûа취ҵʦ
绪죬˵޷뷨ӵϢȥ
ǡ
̫ҽ£ٹŽǲա
̫󻺻۾ȫ
绪
ĸˡ
绪Һ񿴼Ȼˡ
ԣ绪ٿȻ£ĸ˵᳤ġ
̫þ˵绪ԺһҪĸԼӣ׽ة褡ûµʱȥة褴ӡ
á绪ʣĸĻ
̫ͷĴᣣĿնҵȲˡ
绪־ݺĨһᣬӣ˵ĸ̫ҽ˵иҽκĲκóǸˡ
̫̾˿
һֶһ绪̫ڴͷӹ룬һһ׵ι̫̫绪־Ϊá
ֱȥĵӲ˲ᡣ

ϰ⣬Ļӵ˽Χס
ڣة褰ѺӺ˯źͽة²һӡةΪ˸СС䣬ź
ľҽ

ǡ
ܿģҽƵ߽ټ˸񣬶˵С˽һͬ磬̫ҽԺѧͽ
˵ҽӻͳһͰͻЩζֽ
ͻȻòףε˵ͬ˵ſ̲ܣֽЬŴ˳ǸҲ̲飬«ưѧŲЬġ
ة˵޷ʹɡĻӵĶͻȻһ׶ûУûܼʱźӳʧ
ةĵĻӻǸв
ҽֽˣ֮ͬ¡
ة褿ź̻СʮԸȥ밵Эʦ䣬һǡ
ǡСʮ¡
ڣҲֻЩݵİܱܿĻӵĶĿ
ľϽֽȥյľһˮة褾֡
ة褵߬߬ȭ֪оƽţû뵽ء
صǣʵ̫Σ
ة˼ţҲҵõʦһ£㼰ʱҵˣܲܽΪ̫һ¡
Ѿɰͳˡ
ة˼ҪҲھǵʱ򣬳еࡣ
ةͻȻĸ˵סһλҽҽ
̫ΣةλҽΪ̫ôʹȴǸ⡣
ة褰뵽˶Ժһ飬һԵ̬Сʮȥһ˹ϼҡ
µĲ³߹Ȼİ˻ʹ
³ߵЭ£ܿͱĴ˴ٹ
Ϊ̫κ̫ܿˡŷӣ绪æл
˿̣һĸ׵ТŮ
ǣһλ߹ĹΪο׶
һлˣһл
ҽ˻⣿绪Ƥһ£ûɵһĻš
˵ʮǰκɡ
绪һ㶣ȴ˿ΪЦ˵һСʱͷȰɡ
͸ζĹ⣬ȻڽΪ̫βǰҪ˵ûоܾҲûдӦ
Ѱζ˵үȵĸжʱһŲȽ˹ŹأҴЭһһ
ʱ绪ɫ԰ף俹ܵ˵˵ʲô
ظԼү
绪ĺ㣬ҿַסûеɻΪԼΪ飬Ǹ˵Ĳһ
Ϊ굥ŮΪݴսɳΪ˾ȶӡ
ΪСͲ׽СʱùزͬһۡôͲ֪ԼĺӺʱز
绪ܵģ˶֮⡣
ûڻź˿Ͳӵͷݲߵͬİ·һļŮ
ϧôҲͽˡ
磬̫Ҳˣǵ˫
˸ףһ䣬Ŵ뿪ˡ
ܿģСʮϢة褡
˵̫;ƿ֮󡣡
ة褶ٸл֣֪̿ж̫ĸ̫͹ذ
ة褳ԸðӿѰʦ䡣




59  ճ   ʵ۰

յ⼱, 걱󣬱̰ʦس
ٽʱиǰ
ɺ˳Ļӵź, ڵĵ𸴡
ŷһԣҲûһۣЦЦĿɺ˵ɽñ벻ǷдʲôԲµõ, ޷Ƕա
ɺ͵Цһ˭Ҫĸ󣿵ûүĳò辶
ĴһĨЦ, ˵ɽһˣֻͬУ±Ѻ㣿
үǲ뿴Сүܵ˺һĩȻĻȥ˵, үûСү˵Ǹܿɰĺӡ
Σյ۾ûҪѺ˼, ڲȥˡ
һø˵ı, Ȱø, սնʹء
ɺ˻ȥȫԭפ, о
ڷ峽߹ҹҲһ߽ڡ
峽˵ү֮Ҫ̽ǵ˴඼ھǣĻҪвеǰ취ҡ
ĵһͷ, ѾڲˡĻ˽Ӫ;ӪǶš
Ӫĸˣİ
˾ָʹͶˡֻԹԼʶ˲壬²ϡ
峽ʵү֪ӪΣ
Ӫδ΢΢ܣҵȥһӪϸӪǣסӪ⣬ͬʱ˵Ӫ˾ָʹֻҪȰһɼ̡
ǡ
ڶ죬Ļóʵ۵Ĵλگ飬ڳ
Ļ֮ģ·˽֪˿̣һֳֵʿΧڴ⣬Ƕ޿κΡ
ٳ£Ļվڳǽ̴ʥּ˱Ȩ
ӡ
ĻҲûָӣ˰ة褸Ӵ˳ǽ
ة褱źӣ治ɫĿµ
Ŀңң俴Уȴױ˴˵⡣
ةΧסһ죬Ĵ㡣µܵȺ
ǻȹһءΪ飬Ѿˡ
ֽճȭĳǰֻӰӾС˵￴û뵽Ҳһ̡
Сˣܷ޷޲ƽø磬ҴһӾȥɩӺСֶ
ôȣͬüǵĶܿùվةߵˡ
ţΪة褸ӲĻҲΪ˼ɱʵ˺ة褸ӡ
ͻͷһһ峽˸СȥѰڡ
ںܿ͹ˣæǵʣ峽ôˣ
峽ҡҡͷû£ǰôˣ
ԤϵһĻѺڳǽϱү˱ҪȨ
ڣ˵и⣬ǲү֪
ţ
ҹϮ

ֵĵһ죬˱ʮ
ĻǱ࣬Ŀة褸ӱߡ
⣬ŵ¶顣
Զں֣ܶ˹ȥ
ҹʮ˻ҹ£Ӫ
ðצɵϳǽԾһࡣ
峽˵ģĻӻة褸ӾͽѺڳǽ¡ǱܿѲߵʿɢѰҡ
ڣҵˡ
ںһһҵķŵſڵڡ
Ļ⣬;ѵةϳ̬ܵСǳ𣿡
ңѸٿɩӣˡ
ة褰̾ţ룬Ӹһߡ
Ȼ߳Ӻ󣬻Ǳ˷ˡ
˱ߴˡУŵ书ṦãһةһźѸٷ˳ǽ⡣
⣬ǲ˵һӾӦǣоա
ſ˫ۣة̱˹ȥϲ
ʱͻȻة뿪ĻźС塣
ɫ糣ͬͬų˿̵ļ顣
ة褣ҿԱ𣿡
Ȼԡة褰ѺӸ
ᱧӵס˺СıźӲҶ
ة褿⸱ŵģٿЦ̶˵뿪һ࣬ҲѾһꡣĹӲˣ㱧Ҫ
á˿˸ƱŵĺͻȻֹס˿ޣЦ
ǣЦˡ
΢ҹ·еƣ뷳ա
ڵҲΧ˹Ҫӡ
ة褣·𣿡
ˣߵûǺȡ
ǣºӣϤĵϧ;˽߱
ֳںҸ£ةʵɩӣ𣿡
СС䣬䡣
СҪ޸ǿͱ߸߾˲üЦЦͣ
ܻû湻Сͱڸȥ
ة褿ӣһʼЦһЦһͿľսæѺ˹˵˯ˡ
ûͺ澡˵һȺľϧֻú˯
ة褱źӽоСʮӡ
⣬ѵŵˡ
֪֪жжΣգȫȫβĻá
ø磬ҲļɩӺС䡣
ǲжҲ¡Ļߣҵˡ
ѵһȵŴ͡
ة߹˵Ļ˰ΧסҾ֪һ죬ǰЩ׼ĻӻˣҲᡣ
ܷӦѹǳֵʱɩӺ̾˿ңǽӵҲ˳
峽үҳ⡣
ةŷֿߵ峽ƺһֻ˵ûϾǳûȸǡ
ǡС죬ɩӣҪ
ةЦЦЦ
޵ķ˸ۣҪƭĻӡ
ةЦ˵ˣҶˡȥϢɡ
Ļ𣬶ȥɡ
ܵ¡
ة˵˵㷣ˣҲðֵġ
Уˡ˸ƣӵة褽Ϣ
һߣĻʧȥة褸ʣɱȥѳ򸾺򸾴
Ȼ˵ʱǵȴٴηˮĽʹָʹҲȡ֮Ȼ䡣
Ļ֪²̽׼ǻ
ַɫ԰׵Ļʵ߳³ߡ
ʵ֪³ߵ˵Ĵڣûǣǹ˼ϣҲǹݵľ֮꣬ټ³ߵδĵߡ
Ļӱƹϵϣм³߼һ档
³֪ݵʵ۴˺ͽ⡣ʵ۴ӦǼ̣ҪЭĻӱƹ֮¡
ľӪǣƣڵĽˮĻӵеģԼʿȵڵĲ־
;ĩ·֮ʣĻӹעһЮֻʵۣʵ۵³ߵˣûһǳصġ
ʵۼҲɸ֣˵С͸ãû뵽
ʵۣȴ䣬ȴûεվӡ
ڻʵĻӵľٶ˵Ǳƹ˵Ǹһ־硣
ʣĻ֪ܾѶʧ롣
ʵ˵Լûɱ޲ɱ㡣
ĻӱĽƹҪԱȫͶΡ
һʱ̫ްˡ
ʵ۲ְѹ˹
ϼ㲡ݣ̾ϢỺ˵ˡʲô˵ɡ
ʵۿڴϣ˵ϣһ¡
ϵ￩һ£ǻʵۣʲôҪҵġ
ʵ۷Ķְ˰֣һֱһӤ
ʵ˵⺢һŮģǹŮºӱȥˡϣܵĵ޻ѻλ
ˣϲŵؿŻʵۺǸӤ
ʵ۲ͣĿæĺ󱳣һŻ
ϣ޲׷³ߣҲջسıȨ⽭ɽѾ˳֮
ˣ˵޴⡣
֪ǻʵۣ޲ġǸĺúӣ̫޶ǵá̫ѾˣһߣҾҲû˼ˡ
ûҶһֵˣ
ϣΪ̫󣬳ΪˡԸĻ󻹿ͬ޺ꡣ
ҲԸ⡣дžܾܵĺˡ
ʵʧ¶Ц˵ϣˣ޴δǿȹ㣬Ҳδ㡣ǰֻӦ¡




60  Ļ   и˵Ե

, ³߱С䲻֡
ةʵڼôûһ
ȥˡ˵£³ֱӱֳ鶼Ѿ˵, 治֪µ񣬻ʵۻҪҸ
ĴӦ׷ǵ飿
ǰҲ֪᲻ᷴڡ³ƲƲ졣
ʵ³Щ˴ڣʵǳة褵Ԥϡ΢΢üʵϻ˵ʲô𣿡
³ϸһ, û˵ʲôرĻ
ݸûҪʲôֻôҵѰҾİ취
³̾Լݵ, ޳ͷԣһΪҳױ𣬲ϵ
ةҲ̾ˣǻб, Ǻܿͻ֪ˡ
³߼˻ӣʵүҲǽ˰ɣ
ǰ̫ͷ, Ҫˡة褵üۼȾһĨ̫ȥ, ϲΣ, ֪
³ƳһۣС, ǰЦЦ
С˵ȡ
ةЦѺӷڵϡʱСҡҡڰڵȥЦͣľϵΧһ, ֹ

̫ɥ£˶һȦ
ة褿۲ѣѺӽˣøʱ
һߣҵ򣬽뵽˾ǡ
̴Ϊʵۿ
ʵ۷򿪵ҩ󣬻ָЩ񣬵ʵ棬ʵǰеĶѾܵˣҲֻҩ
գʵ۴ٴǣҲ
ɨһȦڵˣسкͻǣﲻͻȻһ¡
ʱʵ֮ʡ
һֻ첲ʾһ£ϱӤ߳
һŵĿŹϡ
΢΢Ĳӡ
ʵ۶Գ˵ǹϣ໳ɽˡﱧŵ޵ĺӣѾλ⺢ӡ
ʱдԣϣСУǵշǳ򲻿ɡ
ӵĸ׳Ҳ˵Ѫͳݻ
ʵþ˵Ѿּ⣬׿ѧʿҴдԸ
ϡ󳼻˵
Ȼʱ򣬻ʵֻ͵ش£ۡ
һԵ̫ҽǰ鿴ϼݱˡ
ʱ޹ڿ졣
ĺˣʹ׼ҲԽܡ
ʵǰ˵ʥּһǴλСӣһ
벻ףֱĵĶ˵ڵľƣϾ㲻ͷүΪ⽭ɽҲү
֪ʵ˼˵Լʲô顣ʧѹҲ⡣
ʥּһͳˡ
ʥּбȨûл׺ͳҷ
ǣԴûбĹϺСӾͲһˡͻ̶չ˹ڦ
ǰŹ£˵壬Ժ̫ˡȻϵά
µ۵ǻȵᣬæüûƬ̿СæҲÿظة褺ͺӡ
ȵ֮ȶ³߽ɢǹ
³ûִʹľʹӦˡÿҰףʱʱĽСʵۣߵСӣӺò

ةʱҲ̽ϺСʵۡ
һΣ˵үΪβΪʲô
̫̫ĵȲҶԡة褵ƽ޲
ǶٻˣԳƳ
֮񲻿ɷϡ
ǻԹˡ֪Ȼʵ⣬ǴӦԹӦõġתү²ع˼ҡ
ة̾˵ȷʵԹģԹûȸǣ岻ǳԸ
ϵۿ죬Ըġ
Ϊ˳ΪǡΪ֪Ļλñ̫ͽ̵»ʣԼ
ԣϵڲ£Ǳᡣ
Ŀᶨ˵ֻҪһһ죬Ͳû˺ү
Դˣة褽Ƶθˣʱ̽ϡ

գة褸ջص绪˹
Ծˡ
ة褹˲ƣһ֪ͨһĽıԺ
ϵʱѾķڴϣ绪ſڴʹ顣
ةǰỽһ
ã绪־ĨĨᣬ˵ˡôƭ˵Ҳ۰ʮŮ׷ͺڷˣܲʹ
ڰʱĻةҲ֪˵ʲô
绪˵ֻˡһ˲䣬·ꡣ
Ȱ쿤°ɡ
á绪վǹſľˣ
ةǰַϡ
绪˵ة褣ҿ԰½𣿡
ĪҴӡ
Թݣŵݡ
ةû̻شʶȺ顣
绪˵֪ԼǰжᣬԳģҲû㡣Ѿ֪ˣԺ󶼻ĵġ
ة褳̾Ϣһ˵Ҷġ
绪Ȼ̾Ϣ֪ˣ㲻ҪΪѡ
һȰġ
䣬Ÿֹסʱ绪Ȼ¡
绪Ҫ£Ļд˺飬ŮᡣĻӣة褳ȥġ
ĬةΪ绪顣

һߣ˼ҵļͥս
ִҪ׸ռңͬ⣬˺նҲڷ
նԭ˿ڣҢ޽ϾѾ˽ͳ죬սƷȫƸ񣬵նĵֻ׸
Ҿţ˭Ҳá
նүҲҲֻаĪ
ѾռҴҲʾĪǴҲƵ鷳Ǹ鷳
󷿵ĵӣڱʱ´󹦵ĶӣȻҪȢһˣǺų֮ˡ
ƽ븸ӹϵڼ峽֮䣬ںԥѡ峽峽Ȱƽͽġ
ѾӪڣڼÿ춼ھӪ峽˹ȥ峽ȲģھӪڵʦ
˺˵ǿˣΨԼĶӣһ͵͵ȥսôص˻
ǵ裬һҲûϳɹ
ǳϲҪˣԺɽӡ
ҸЦݣة˵ԭɽ游ͬ꣬ҺʱʶҲ糾ԸýȢ
ةΪеˣϲ֮գҺͳᵽףءǵĵ˲Сûм常ɽĳ
ة褵һ⣬л
ǣ޵һ죬Ȼûʮױױһ㶼ҹŮͷһױĶױ
ةԵϲΪ˳棬ĳޡ
ظʱةͻȻеһȵĿ⣬͵ػعͷȥͿһϡЩϤıӰûȺС
ʣôˣ
ة褶һ٣˵Һ񿴼巰ˡ
΢㶣ĵ˰巰˳
巰أ˵ʶˣóࡣ
巰˵ҲգץҲãĴزصӲù
˵׷ˣѳءûгھǣѴŹ㡣
巰Ķ࿴ۣȻһЦ˵Ըү⣬Сƽ
еĴة褱ˣФˣϣǸ˲Ҫĺ󳾡
һΣǣңִɢ

ة˶
ܺҢҲεҸĸɿڣͬȢռͬӼޡ
Ңۿة̥ˣҲһٲӣ˶ûͬˣҪ˵ȫ޼ޣǼٵġ
ҢԸ޵ȴִҪ׸
ǳһ⣬ۡŻ
նүˬľͬˣŻҷˣܱڳϱҪá
ҲЭˣ룬Żܱ׸ˡ
ܺҢ׺ƽں峽Ҳ˿ڡ
ƽþ취ŮǵĻжˣȴ˸
ƽˣͬں峽ֵܡ
ȴǲЩġ
Ǵ󲿷ʱ䶼ھӪգһظ̽˫ĸǽΡȻû֣һš
ǾӪĽʿʶǵˣ֪һԡ
ں峽ҲԳһ
֪µʱةЦŴȤһ䣺߳࣬īߺڡ




61     ʼĩعʵ

, ةЯ߹˴뱲ӣ˶Ѳῡݣ޽ǰ߰, ۾ǡ
ϣ̫ûʱͷԺﳿʱ˱ǣֵķɢϦ
ƽ֮£Яϡ
СӳǸ, ûаȥһ˯
ة褲ΡΡ֣Զ˵ߵúܰ, ǻЦءûһ
ةɵ۾Ҳû
죬ĻʵȫأԵة褡
˺ᡣ
ͬ, ͬѨ

ĳ˽ҽԺڲһͻȻ˶ָͷƤҲ΢΢Щ, ·Ŭ۾
㲵͵۾, ϲĴ󺰣ҽҽ
ҽʿҴҸ, æԲϵ顣
ѹһۼıˡ׾㿡, Ȼ鶯ֻǴ˿̵ȥɫ㲵ĺܡ
ةϲ˵ˡ
ԺļСӳʼص, Լة褰ͷϣá
ôˣ㲻Ҫҡة褼ɵ㶵ģҡ
ˮѾ˵һ֣˻ơ
ةæһ¿ˮҡ𲡴ιȡ
Ŀһֱ׷ة褡
ǴѧͬѧҲһˡ
Ȼ֮ͬĸѾ࣬Ҳ⵽˫ĸĽԡ
ϣưôꡣ
ة褻ؼңʮ·һ˽ҳײ
ǧһ֮ʣεĻסة褡
ةѪѪ
Ŀ̧Ȼæȥ
⣬յϢҸĸҴҸ˹
۵ĿŶӣС褣˵ˣ۲ۣû
ةҡͷֻЩˣĺܺá
ʿ˵Ƿİɣ˲£ѾˡһأС
޸ĸŽյҴźͽȴĸ֪ڲ˵ʱ򣬶ĬĴһӵ
ة褲֪˶ãֻ֪ܶãԼȥ
ڣű˴ˡ
ة褺ĸһæӭȥѯʣҽôˣ
˳ԾɲȶҪ۲졣
ة褲߲ݵҽԺֱҽ˵Ѿȶ˿ƣ˯һ졣
Ȼȥû
ҽһֵݶֵָˣ˵ӦѾˡ
ة褵Ľŵɤۣ˶ɬ죬ҽѵģԲԣ
ҽҡҡͷ̾˵пܺܿѣҲпҪ꣬
Ŀԣҽû˵꣬ةˡ
ةڴ߿ĺڳһƬѰһ˿
ãõڣõ迴ȥ˰æǸСްԵ㶫ɡ
ûӦǰ˺ü£ع
СޣԲȵĲУȳԵ㶫ɡ˵߰ѷ˰ںá
лл̡
迴ӣٿʡ
Բѵһة褳˸ְ취һԳҽ˵Щ֯εĻ

ة褣˶ã
ûãҲһࡣة褱ȥֱĨĨᡣ
ۿ΢ʪһʱةôģҲܲµ
Բõˡ
õȣҶȣÿ춼ĵġ˵ة۵һſڲϷ
ͷйĿһ󣬲˵ˣˡ
ة褴Ӵͷϳֽ˲飬˵ҿת˵˲ûб˿
һЦ˳üۺЦĿ
⣬ǣ˽ϰԵİʳзСϣͰ׵˵С褣ϴֳԷˡ
ةüһ䣬Ц˵̽ʲôóԵģ
Ȱ˵㰮ԵǴ㡣
ٸϲ⣬Ͽةˡ
裬Ҳˡ
ǣ㻹֪˲֪ѹԷûбס̣ӣûޡ
ةһ
˵֪ѣӵС褵ĵ绰ʱҺѾˡ
أ
ȥˡС褶ȹˡͬʱҲǼȷ϶ѹ¡
Ц˵ôоة褸ģ
û˵˭㾹ǵġ
˵ӣĿة褡
ة褴򿪷ĳգЦü䡣Ļϲѹˡ
ǰˣǲɵṴ
Ŀ͵ĿǣֻҪ໥֣Яϣĸкء
죬޸ĸҲҽԺ̽
ʱһ࣬ԼӵϿЦݣ۵׵Ĺ⣬ҲҪģҲԼĺܹҸ֡
һǰǳ¹ʣԼ廤סة褣ةҽԺչһ࣬޸ĸѡ˳ȫǡ
ҽԺסһܺõҽ׼ڳԺ
ة褰ǵ¼ңǵ·ԼĻ׸ÿµнʻ귿ʣ޼Ժɵúú׬Ǯ
ʱֳĸо˫ֻة褵۵Ժҡ
Ҷͨнײ㣬Ȼ֧ŵס˽ҽԺ˲
ȥԼҹ˾ϰ࣬ѸٶһȱʧϢҵֺܿ졣
෴ģةȥԼҹ˾ʱԽԽ٣֪ӱԵ޸ΪΣȨҵżˡ
˾Ҫʱ޸ͻ绰ĸۻ鷳ʱҲһ뵽
ڶԴ޸ĸϣرڣةûٷۡ
գڿŻ飬ֻة¼һƵ
󷽷Ľ绰ɫ졣
ҵ绰ۣ۽ʼ
Լˡ

ɫ˽˹ź󣬷Ա˹ȥ
һةŽ̸Щ죬һʱû˭
ةº˵λҽԲʱΪ֯ι
ĴʼչһĨǳǳЦ˵ּˡ
͵۾дŲ˼顣
ǲǺǸʲô
ԣǸʲôĿתĿ
ةգһ۾ŵ˵ĳɹ֯ˣʲôΣ
Ѱζ˵˵ԵԵԿա˵Կա
ةɻʣ㲻ҽôô˵ˣ
ںϰټң֮λЦˡ
ة˲Ի˼أ˵ܹӦúúõıʾл
λԵ֡
Ȼʩة֪ͼЭ̹ʸһС
˻صҺة褽ſڣĹĵʣǲǸú˵һ˵Ǹʲôʲôˣ컰ﻰ⺬˼Ǹ˵пǰ
ȻǲЩģҪһأ
Цһã㡣
ة褺˺ߣӱóˮ˸̣Ȼ˴͹ӳ
죬˵ɡ
㶵ĿⲨ̲סЦ˳ԽЦԽ
ϱôôɰ
ةƮƮбһۣ㬵ӣͷβ˵
ǸǴСʶסֻһֱΪԼԽСʱԭ
ʵȻСʱ򣬻ǺʼةʶദĶ
Сʱִ֮شԽˡ
ةͻȻһ£˵Ҽǵǰ˵Сʱ岻ãסԺĪͻȻָ᲻Ǹʵʵģ
ɡѾҪˡ
Ϊ˿̣ӵȫ硣




62 []    һҢķ⣬

Ңĸƽ, ΪʮأڵԻؾְá
ǣҢŸĸص˾ƽ
, ѸŮЩҢܡ
ն˼ҢԻؾ޾ɣʾʢΧķ羰ҲͶһȥʾ¾㡣
ݷ, նȥҢĴߣʱߵ˺ɽ
ʱ, 滨˱Ƕ
֦ͷϣ׵滨һشһԴԣҡҷڴС
Զ£ҢƺڻԳǵĴ, ֪ǳѰ˼ҡ
Ңĸһλ˵Ц
նЦ˵ҼǻСӣҢ, ڸġСҢ, λ, ޷á
޷ˡҢ˸ȭ
ն˵ǳ鴤£޷εЦЦ
޷΢΢һ, ǳǳЦ˵Ĺһ˲š
ҢλСƬ̶ּ̣µˣԭλ޷˵ĹӺϰ
ҢĵƲة褵ġȻةǸǴСͱ˵, ҲӦŮһ
һδεĽӴһδεĽ̸ҢϿةѡȻة褴СܵĽγּӣظҲı䣬Ҳϣһࡣ
ǣҢڰԺةʱһ𴴰Ժ֮¡
ԺɹҢȫ˼Ժ
ûԤϵǣܻᴳ
Ϊ˶óжɽҲ˵ǰ̲
һˣչ׷Ը׸
жĶ𣿴ǿ϶ġ
ȻǰҢͻȻˡ
ư˼Ժϣն˰ŵҲȥʵȴǲĹעܡ
ֱһ죬ǰīիΪѧѡķıʱǡü޿˵Цܵﻹһס
ʱҢɫ԰ף㶵ĿǵӰʧתǴ
룬ƫƫϺãǱӦɡ
ܶ޿飬һԾŵ
ٺˡ
ܳһҢÿնԾš
ڼ䣬ة˸תһţдġ
д˺ܶ࣬Ҳóܱϲǡ
ҢһµУǷսڴͷ
룬ֻܻҪףӦ
ǵΪ׸֮һϣϵŻ
֮գҢԾױͬգֻ
նүֻôһӣǶױ
ة褺ͳҲΪױϲλѶǵˡ
һ죬ʮױն̲ספۿĽѡ
׺Ȼƣ̴ӽźҢĻ
ģҢᵽة褵ҸΣҲ챻岻ˡ
һ괺죬Ңة褺ͳȥʾ¾ͻ
һͬжСˡ
Ңǳ˲עʱ
ߣԶˡǵҪȥҢЩġ
ȥ˾֪ˡصĲ
˺һŵطһҢ;ˡ
һϪϪһƬƺƺ滨ССĳɶѳȺİɫ׺̲Уһɫľ̲裬Ƭ̲ݵضһҲý׵滨˼顣
Ңľˣûܻ͵͵׼ľϲ
һĿҢôϲ𣿡
ҢĿתĶ룬һЦ˵ܺã⣬ůҲ㡣
ʱߵЦһ߿ֻⴺ졢⡢̲ݵغ滨ˣˡ
Ңݵߣݵ滨̳һΣҢͼм䡣Ңӵ࣬׼һСʵĺڲݵϡ
֪ʲôͼ𣿡ܿʵ
ʲôҢ΢΢Ц֪ʡͼةΡ
Σҵ͸㡣ܱ˵ֱֻȳһΣЩġ
Ң̲סһЦ΢΢°ͣ߰˵Ĳ͸ң͸˭
ֻһˡܴս
£СϪߣ̲ݵϣ滨ǵѷ֡ãֱҢ촭ʱŷֿ
Ǽ粢翿һһ߿ǰһ߸ű˴˵Ũ⡣
ʲôʱģҢڣѾǰʤյľɫ۷ˣҲİжˡ
˵ʾͻҰΧһ飬ȻͷˡĿҢ̧𣬸üңֻ÷羰ҲǰҾҲ͸㡣
ҢͣСϱһİͷܼϲ˲䣬ϲε˵ѽôһҵС͸ǰȵˡ
ЦЦҪΣա
Ңüһ䣬˵ʾǻʼԺĵطͲҪһˡ
ӵҢ£첲Ϊ˵۾ס߲⡣
ǵ´һʼ͸ܶѹ׺Ҳǣƫƫ޶۵ĲܼʱʶЩһ˶Գѹһʼִ׸ŻǳˣˣԴǼ䶼ҢĻ
Ϲ˵ʲôأҢС˵ͷ
ȴǼΪĵԺʲôĵطһҪҡӣ¶Ҫһһԡ
֪ˡҢһһ£ѹþˡ
ܷĸ֪ǲ£ǲң
Ңԥ˺һŻ˵һһֱϣô죿
ţһ㶣һʱûӦδµһ顣
Ңɵı죬Ŀ¶ίĿ
һЦѹϣãû˴Ƕ
Ңֱӷ˸ۣôô룿
㿴øɩǣøʱʱľҪԹ˵ɩֻźӣڸһλûС
ôûӵʱЦһ仨ˡ
ܹ˹ǣ˵֪ˣڹûѽ
ҢӦܱͷȥڳһֻֽ⿪棬ڲݵϣֻҪ
Ң˫ֵҪһ𰸡һϣô죿
ҶԵ㲹ҩŬ㡣һ˵˼
Ң֮ʣܹƳǷһ·ӵء
Ҳ֪˶ãͣЪ
ҢԱߣŶͷϵĺȻϸϸ½
Ң֣ʮָۣһ仰Ҳû˵ԼʰʤȴǧܸܵҢԼ˲䱻һůġ
˶ӶԷ۾￴Լͬһ顣
Ң룬оƽȿ˵Ժ飬˭֪أЩ˶ӵģҲбõġЩûӵģͷϡ
ס˫ַԼĿڴ˵ûãһӡûУʹ뺢ԵкˣǾһȻŻȥϡ
ҢĿתĶֻֿûһ˿ܡ
ܼ˵ΪȢ㣬ҿ볣׸⣿
Ң⣬ԼĶӣҪӵġ
ܶ˼˵ӣԴһռҹһһҲС
Ң΢΢Ƭ̶̣˵ǻᣬûʱ򣬲
ԣһڣֿЦЦ
˵ºҢٸɿˡ
ͻȻһ£ĵû֪ˣǻ᲻ǣ
ģø֪ļƻø绹⡣
ǹóʱˣȥɡ
á
ҢվΪϵĻݳ
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